ANAND S

JTO DTS
ERNAKULAM
Why you require a transmission system?

 Between exchanges dedicated media is expensive.

 Therefore a system is required (called transmission
system) which is able to carry the bulk traffic via a
single media.
 BUILDING UP THE BASE STREAM (2MB)

•Voice Frequency ranges upto 4 Khz

•Sampling the Voice Signal @ 8 Khz

(Double the Max. Frequency)=8000samples/s

•8 bits per sample

•Digital Bit Rate: 8Kbps X 8 = 64 Kbps

BUILDING UP THE BASE STREAM (2MB)……

One sample duration (approx) = 4 µs

Duration between samples = 125 µs
BUILDING UP THE BASE STREAM (2MB)

• 30 Voice Channels @ 64 Kbps

• One channel for Frame (64 Kbps)
• One channel for Signaling (64 Kbps)
• Total number of Channels = 32
• Bit Rate: 32 X 64 K= 2048 Kbps(2Mb)
 THE TRUCK ANALOGY

PAYLOAD
OVERHEAD
 THE TRUCK ANALOGY

PAYLOAD
OVERHEAD
 THE TRUCK

PAYLOAD
OVERHEAD
 PDH BIT RATES

• E1-2048 Kbps (2MB) [30 Voice Channel]

• E2-8448 Kbps (8MB) [120 Voice Channel]
• E3-34368 Kbps (34MB) [480 Voice Channel]
• E4-139264 Kbps (140MB) [1920 Voice Channel]
 SDH BIT RATES

 1 E1 = 2048 kbps
 STM1 = 63 E1 + OH bytes = 155.52Mbps
 STM4 = 4*STM-1 =622.08 Mbps
 STM16 = 16*STM-1 = 2488.32 Mbps(2.5G)
 STM64 = 64*STM-1= 9953.28 Mbps
SDH Network Elements
 Regenerators
 Terminal Multiplexers
 Add-drop Multiplexers (ADM)
 Multiple Add drop Multiplexers (MADM)
 Digital cross connects
 Regenerators

i/p signal Regenerated o/p signal

 whenever transmission over 50 km

 They terminate and regenerate the optical signal
Regenerators. .
 Terminal Multiplexer (TM)

Tributary Line port

N
n
ports

 Accept a number of tributary signals

 multiplex them to appropriate optical/electrical
aggregate signal
 One line port
 To create Linear topology
 Terminal Multiplexer (TM)..
• Input is low bit rate PDH or SDH signal
• Output is high bit rate SDH signal
 Linear Topology using TM
Line port
n Line port
n

TM at Ernakulam
TM at Alleppey

 Here “n” can be STM -1 ,STM-4 or SRM-16

 Ring topology not possible using TM
 Only point to point linear topology possible
 For that we need ADM or MADM
 Add Drop Multiplexer (ADM)
Line port 1 Line port 2
n

Tributary port 1

 Here “n” can be STM -1 ,STM-4 or SRM-16

 Ring topology & point to point linear topology is possible
using ADM
 Can be operated in a “through–mode” fashion
 Point to multi point linear topology using ADM and TM

Line port Line port

n n n

TM at Alleppey TM at Ernakulam
ADM at cherthala

Ring topology using ADM

KTM
n

n An STM-n ring n

TVM ENK
n

ALP
Add Drop Multiplexer (ADM)...
 Digital Cross Connect (DXC)
STM-N STM-N

DXC

 Here “n” can be STM -1 ,STM-4 or SRM-16

 Mesh Topology also possible using DXC
 Digital Cross Connect (DXC)...
• Input : many STM- N signals
• Output: many STM-N signals
 Multiple-Add Drop Multiplexer (MADM )

Equipment used to –

 Add (Input)
 Drop (Output)
 Mux - Demux and cross connect tributaries (O&E) of
different types and data rates.
 An actual Hardware – Software extension of existing
ADM
 Comparison between ADM and MDM

 MADM is an Improved (Hardware and Software)

Version of ADM

ADM MADM
2 Number of STM 16 Line ports Available. 4 Number of STM 16 ports. Double Ring
Hence Only Single Ring Configuration Configuration within single equipment. Hence
Possible Ring to Ring connectivity is possible without
physical BUP , traffic interruption is less
Less Number of Interfaces Maximum Number of Optical and Electrical
Interfaces available

Ethernet support is very minimal Wide range of Ethernet support including

GbE Ports
 ADM Ring MADM Ring
ADM
Station A

Station D

Ring A MADM Ring B

Station B

Station C
 TEJAS TJ100MC-16 MADM
Actual Figure

Alarm Display
Panel
Multi Function Card
(MFC3)
Cooling Fans

Slots 7&8
Slot 1&6 - 252E1
Extended
Termination Cross Connect
Card (TET252E1) Cards (XCET)
Slot 2 - 8xSTM1o +
8xSTM1e (AGG06) Slots 9,10,11,12 -
STM-16 Line
Slot 3 - Cards (A010000)
8GE+32FE+32FX
Ports Card
(ELAN05D)
Slots 4&5 - Cross
Connection Control
Cards (XCC05)
TEJAS TJ100MC-16 MADM –VARIOUS PORTS
Actual Figure
Block diagram of signal flow of an E-1 signal in DTS

A D MADM/ Patch Cord F Pig Tail T

D D D J 12/24
ADM Cable
F F F B
ADF DDF
 TJB
FDF
 Block diagram of signal flow of STM-1 signal in DTS

Tributary Patch Cord Pig Tail

Signal MADM/AD F T
D 12/24
M J
F Cable
B
TEJAS MADM NMS Web User Interface (WUI) – NE Information Page
TEJAS MADM NMS WUI – Node Slot View
MS-SPRING- Multiplex Section Shared
Protection Ring
 simultaneously protects all tributaries in STM extension of 1:1 to
ring topology
 half of OC-N capacity devoted to protection only half capacity
available for traffic

wrap-around
View MS-SP Ring Page
 Add-drop Provisioning

 Provisioning of traffic in an ADM or MADM is by

adding and droppping using crossconnections

 Add-drop provisioning is typically done by the

network management system
 Add and Drop Example
 STM-16 Ring
Add 1-3
 16 x STM-1 channels
 Provisioning: ADM
1
 At ADM 1
 Add the STM-1
 Create crossconnect from Tributary to Line side ADM ADM
STM 16
2 Ring 4
 At ADM 2
 Software built-up between line side ports
Drop
ADM
 At ADM 3 3
 Drop the STM -1
 Create cross connection from Line side to Tributary
Add 3-4
Drop 3-1
MADM and ADM - Physical Comparison

TJ100MC-16 MADM TJ100MC-16 ADM

TJ100MC-16MADM Manufactured by

M/s

Bangalore
 TEJAS TJ100MC-16MADM Configuration A

Configuration: AGG: 4xSTM-16 L16.2 Service: 8xSTM1, 8xSTM1e, 504E1, 8GE, 32FE, 32FX

Interface Card Name No of Total Bandwidth Slot Nos

cards

4xSTM16 A010000 4 10G 9,10,11,12

8xSTM1o+ 8xSTM1e AGG06 1 2.5G 2,6

504E1 TET252E1 2 1.25G 1,3,6

8GE+32FE+32FX ELAN05D 1 2.5G 1,3,6

Cross connection card XCC05 2 2.5G 4,5

 TEJAS TJ100MC-16MADM Configuration B
Configuration: AGG: 2xSTM-16 L16.2 Service: 2xSTM4, 16xSTM1, 16xSTM1e, 252E1, 4GE, 16FE, 16FX

Interface Cards No of Total Bandwidth Slot Nos

cards

2xSTM16 A010000 2 5G 9,10,11,12

1xSTM4+8xSTM1o+ AGG07 2 3.122G 2,6

8xSTM1e

252E1 TET 252E1 1 0.622G 1,3,6

4GE+16FE+16FX ELAN05S 1 2.5G 1,3,6

Cross connection card XCC05 2 2.5G 4,5

 TEJAS TJ100MC-16MADM Configuration C
Configuration: AGG: 2xSTM-16 L16.2 Service: 8xSTM1, 8xSTM1e, 252E1, 8GE, 32FE, 32FX, 3xE3/DS3

Interface Cards No of Total Bandwidth Slot Nos

cards

2xSTM16 A010000 2 5G 7,8,9,10

8xSTM1o+ 8xSTM1e AGG06 1 2.5G 2

252E1+3xE3/DS3 COM1 1 0.777G 1,3,6

8GE+32FE+32FX ELAN05D 1 2.5G 1,3,6

Cross connection card XCC05 2 2.5G 4,5

Local Access …

Accessing NMS WUI Page

TEJAS TJ100MC NMS

MADM Port
Ethernet
Straight Cable Client
PC

URL is http://192.168.1.254:20080