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Sun Tracking Solar System: Guide Name

The document describes a solar tracking system that uses dual-axis tracking to maximize solar energy absorption. It uses light sensors to detect sun position and servo motors controlled by an Arduino board to adjust the solar panel orientation. Key components are photo resistors for sun sensing, MG996R servo motors for driving panel movement on two axes, and an Arduino UNO microcontroller that processes sensor input and controls the motors. The system aims to output up to 40% more energy than fixed panels by continuously positioning the solar panel perpendicular to the sun.

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Arun
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128 views14 pages

Sun Tracking Solar System: Guide Name

The document describes a solar tracking system that uses dual-axis tracking to maximize solar energy absorption. It uses light sensors to detect sun position and servo motors controlled by an Arduino board to adjust the solar panel orientation. Key components are photo resistors for sun sensing, MG996R servo motors for driving panel movement on two axes, and an Arduino UNO microcontroller that processes sensor input and controls the motors. The system aims to output up to 40% more energy than fixed panels by continuously positioning the solar panel perpendicular to the sun.

Uploaded by

Arun
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SUN TRACKING SOLAR

SYSTEM
GUIDE NAME:
S.NAGA LEELA BATCH NO :06

17253-EC-098
17253-EC-062
17253-EC-099
17253-EC-106
17253-EC-111
CONTENTS:
1. INTRODUCTION
2. ABSTRACT
3. DUAL AXIS SOLAR TRACKER
4. COMPONETS
5. BLOCK DIAGRAM
As the non renewable energy resources are decreasing, use of renewable resources for producing electricity is
increasing.

Solar panels are becoming more popular day by day.Solar panel absorbs the energy from the Sun, converts it into
electrical energy and stores the energy in a battery.

This energy can be utilized when required or can be used as a direct alternative to the grid supply.

The position of the Sun with respect to the solar panel is not fixed due to the rotation of the Earth. For an efficient
usage of the solar energy, the Solar panels should absorb energy to a maximum extent.

This can be done only if the panels are continuously placed towards the direction of the Sun. So, solar panel
should continuously rotate in the direction of Sun.
ABSTRACT:
Solar panel has been used increasingly in recent years to convert solar energy to electrical
energy.
The solar panel can be used either as a stand-alone system or as a large solar system that is
connected to the electricity grids.

The earth receives 84 Terawatts of power and our world consumes about 12 Terawatts of power
per day. We are trying to consume more energy from the sun using solar panel. In order to
maximize the conversion from solar to electrical energy, the solar panels have to be positioned
perpendicular to the sun.

The tracking of the sun’s location and positioning of the solar panel are important. The goal of
this project is to design an automatic tracking system, which can locate position of the sun.

The tracking system will move the solar panel so that it is positioned perpendicular to the sun
for maximum energy conversion at all time. Photo resistors will be used as sensors in this system.

The system will consist of light sensing system, microcontroller, gear motor system, and a solar
panel. Our system will output up to 40% more energy than solar panels without tracking systems.
Dual axis trackers have two degrees of freedom
that act as axes of rotation. These axes are
typically normal to one another.

 Dual axis trackers allow for optimum solar


energy levels due to their ability to follow the sun
vertically and horizontally.

 Here we have divide sun position into five areas


and those are EAST, WEST, NORTH, SOUTH,
CENTER.
COMPONENTS:
DRIVING UNIT
 Servo Motor (MG996R High Torque Metal Gear Dual Ball Bearing Servo)
 Assembly of Four parts-
 DC Motor
 Gear Reduction Unit
 Position Sensing Unit
 Control Unit (PWM)

 WORKING PRINCIPLE

 Servo motor is used to rotate the panel. To drive


the servo motor, a PWM Signal must be provided SERVO MOTOR
to its control pin and hence Pin 17 (which has MG996R
PWM) is connected to the control pin of the servo
motor.
SENSING UNIT(LDR)
 We are using LDR’s as a sensor to track the position of
sun or density of sun light.
 Here we have made potential divider with LDR and
register.
 Output voltage (Vo)is proportional to light incident on
LDR which is further processed to move solar panel.
 Here we are using five sensors to Track Sun position.

 WORKING PRINCIPLE

 Incident of light (photons) excites


electrons of valance bands and
releases to shift to conduction band.
 More light incident on LDR decreases
the resistance of LDR, increasing more
current when circuit is closed
Solar panel
Solar Cell converts light energy into the electrical
energy. A solar cell is basically a p-n junction diode. It
utilizes photovoltaic effect to convert light energy
into electrical energy.

Working Principle of Solar Cell


When light reaches the p-n junction, the light photons can easily enter in
the junction, through very thin p-type layer. The light energy, in the form of
photons, supplies
 Sufficient energy to the junction to create a number of electron-hole
pairs. The incident light breaks the thermal equilibrium condition of the
junction.
 The free electrons in the depletion region can quickly come to the n-type
side of the junction. Similarly, the holes in the depletion can quickly come
to the p-type side of the junction.
 Once, the newly created free electrons come to the n-type side, cannot
further cross the junction because of barrier potential of the junction.
CONTROL UNIT
Arduino UNO
SPECIFICATIONS OF Arduino UNO
Microcontroller ATmega328
Operating Voltage 5V
Supply Voltage 7-12V
Maximum supply Voltage 20V

Digital I/O Pins 14(of which 6 provide PWM output)


Analog Input Pins 6
DC Current per I/O Pin 40mA
DC Current for 3.3V Pin 50mA

Flash Memory 32KB of which 0.5KB used by boot loader

SRAM 2KB
EEPROM 1KB

Clock Speed 16MHz


Arduino is an open-source electronics prototyping platform, mostly
based on small, easy-to-use hardware and software.
 It can affect devices, like lights, motors and other actuators by
receiving input from sensor. All the action performed by Arduino is
programmed to the microcontroller on the board via Arduino
programming language and the Arduino development environment.
 Arduino projects can be standalone or communicate with other
software applications running on a computer and other types of
hardware.
Arduino can be used to communicate with a computer, another
Arduino board or other microcontrollers.
The ATmega328P microcontroller provides UART TTL (5V) serial
communication which can be done using digital pin 0 (Rx) and digital
pin 1 (Tx).
An ATmega16U2 on the board channels this serial communication
over USB and appears as a virtual com port to software on the
computer.
The ATmega16U2 firmware uses the standard USB COM drivers, and
no external driver is needed.
BLOCK DIAGRAM:
working
When the light falls on the first sensor or LDR. Then the sensor or LDR is active and the
output LDR signal is follows in the Arduino analog input pin Ao.

 Then the programmable logic function of Arduino is active.

 According to our program which is burn/loaded before in Arduino.

 The digital output pin D9gives 0 as a result the horizontal servo motor is active and
rotate 1800 left to right.

Similarly when light falls on LDR2 then the Arduino analog pin A2 is active and then
according to our program digital output pin D9 gives 1and the horizontal servo motor rotate
1800 right to left

Similarly when light falls on LDR3and LDR4 then the analog input pin A3 and A4 is active
and according to our program digital pin D10 gives 0 and 1 and the vertical servo motor
rotate 1800 left to right and right to left

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