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Types of Data: Discussant: Ma. Celeste R. Lip

This document discusses different types of data: 1. Categorical (qualitative) data includes nominal and ordinal levels. Nominal data are labels without order, like gender. Ordinal data have meaningful order but intervals may not be equal, like satisfaction ratings. 2. Numerical (quantitative) data includes continuous and discrete types. Continuous data can take fractional values, like weights. Discrete data are whole numbers, like number of students. 3. Variables are any measurable characteristics of objects, like student age, gender, or height. Understanding data types is fundamental for proper statistical analysis.

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Ceztie Rubianes - Lip
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99 views25 pages

Types of Data: Discussant: Ma. Celeste R. Lip

This document discusses different types of data: 1. Categorical (qualitative) data includes nominal and ordinal levels. Nominal data are labels without order, like gender. Ordinal data have meaningful order but intervals may not be equal, like satisfaction ratings. 2. Numerical (quantitative) data includes continuous and discrete types. Continuous data can take fractional values, like weights. Discrete data are whole numbers, like number of students. 3. Variables are any measurable characteristics of objects, like student age, gender, or height. Understanding data types is fundamental for proper statistical analysis.

Uploaded by

Ceztie Rubianes - Lip
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 25

TYPES

OF DATA
Discussant:

Ma. Celeste R. Lip


What is data?
• Data is a gathered body of facts
• Data is the central thread of any
activity
• Data are the observed values of a
variables
(Variables are any characteristics of our
objects or observation)

Understanding the nature of data is most fundamental for proper and


effective use of statistical skills 2
Variables are any characteristics
of our objects or observation.

An object can be: People, Laptops,


Mobiles Class Room, etc

Understanding the nature of data is most fundamental for proper and


effective use of statistical skills 3
For example,
Students in this class are Objects

Their characteristics can be:


Age
Gender
Height

These are the variables, because this would


vary from person to person.
And if we put this data into a table or a
spreadsheet, then…
4
The data can be obtained by:
 Measuring (height or weight)
 Counting
 Asking (marital status or graduation)
 Observing (gender or skin color)
 Computing (BMI)

5
Types of Data
Determines which…

Summary
statistics
Graphs Analysis
…are possible and sensible to be applied on the object.

6
Types of Data

Categorical Numerical
(Qualitative) (Quantitative)

Continuous Discrete

7
Types of Data
Categorical
(Qualitative)

This kind of data deals with the QUALITATIVE


options of the objects.

For example, gender, marital status.


Usually questions about categorical data are
answered with words.
8
Both these data are qualitative or categorical. What
is then the difference between the two? 9
SEX MOVIE RATING
Objective Kind Subjective Kind
Its not ranking, its Ranking is carried
just word or labels out, from lowest to
with no rank or order highest in a order.
There is no such Logic of rating may
logic put in differ from person to
person.

As there can be different kind of qualitative data, thus we


need a different kind of scale to measure them.
10
Types of Data
Categorical
(Qualitative)

 It is the most basic level of


Nominal measurement of the variable.
Level
 These are descriptions or labels
with no sense of sequence.
11
Nominal means name and count; data are alphabetic
or numerical in name only

 They are categories without order or direction


 Their use is restricted to keeping track of people,
objects and events
 They are least powerful in measurement with no
arithmetic origin, order, direction or distance
relationship Hence nominal data is of restricted or
limited use
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◎ •Ecstasy ◎ RED ◎ TARLAC
•Delight ◎ BLUE ◎ PAMPANGA
•Satisfied ◎ YELLOW ◎ LA UNION
•Not
◎ WHITE ◎ BENGUET
Satisfied •
These are descriptions or labels.
With no sense of sequence or order.
These can be stored as word or text or can be given a
numerical code.
To summarize a nominal data we use frequency or percentage.
We cannot calculate mean or average value of nominal data.
13
Types of Data
 They have meaningful
Categorical
order.
(Qualitative)
 But the intervals between
the values in this scale
may not be equal.
Ordinal
Level

14
Ordinal means rank or order
 Ordinal data place events in order; They are ordered
categories like rankings or scaling
 Ordinal data allows for setting up inequalities and
nothing much
 Adjacent ranks need not be equal in their differences
 Has no absolute value (only relative position in the
inequality)
 More precise comparisons are not possible M S Sridhar
Types of data
15
◎ SATISFACTION ◎ RANKING
◎ •Ecstasy ◎ •1st Rank (98.3%)
◎ •Delight ◎ •2nd Rank (97.2%)
◎ •Satisfied ◎ •3rd Rank (92.3%)
◎ •Not Satisfied

Like nominal data, ordinal data can be given as frequencies or


percentages.

16
Types of Data
Numerical
(Quantitative)

 This kind of data deals with the


QUANTITATIVE options of the
objects.
 This includes things, which can be
measured rather which can be
classified or ordered.
17
Both these data are quantitative or numeric . What is
then the difference between the two? 18
AGE CHOCOLATE
Measurement or Counting
Calculation is done
Its kind of a continuous Its kind of fixed numbers.
data, and the accuracy of
exact age may typically
depend on the units used
It can be in fractions It will generally be in a
whole number.

19
Types of Data
 These are quantitative data with
whole numbers. Numerical
 A type of data is discrete if there (Quantitative)
are only a finite number of values
possible.
Discrete
 Discrete data usually occurs in a
Data
case where there are only a certain
number of values, or when we are
counting something.
20
Types of Data
EXAMPLES
Numerical
(Quantitative)
 Number of questions in a paper
Discrete
 Number of students in the class
Data
Types of Data
 These are quantitative data with
fractional numbers. Numerical
 Continuous data makes up the rest of (Quantitative)
numerical data.
 This is a type of data that is usually
associated with some sort of physical
Continuous
measurement. Continuous data
usually occurs in a case where we are
measuring or calculating something.
22
Types of Data
EXAMPLES
Weight Numerical
Height (Quantitative)

One general way to tell if data is continuous is


to ask yourself if it is possible for the data to
take on values that are fractions or decimals. Continuous
If your answer is yes, this is usually continuous
data.
23
Types of Data

Categorical Numerical
(Qualitative) (Quantitative)

Nominal Ordinal Continuous Discrete

24
Thank
you!
25

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