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Statistics and Probability 0

Here are the key steps in a typical statistical process to answer the questions: 1. Plan and design a study to collect relevant data - identify the variables to measure, sampling method, data collection instrument. 2. Implement the study - collect the required data through surveys, measurements, observations etc. 3. Verify data quality - check for accuracy, completeness, outliers. 4. Analyze the data - summarize, look for patterns and insights. Compute measures like averages, percentages etc. 5. Interpret results in the context of the question - report findings and conclusions that help answer the original question. 6. Communicate results to support decision-making.

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john christian de leon
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174 views11 pages

Statistics and Probability 0

Here are the key steps in a typical statistical process to answer the questions: 1. Plan and design a study to collect relevant data - identify the variables to measure, sampling method, data collection instrument. 2. Implement the study - collect the required data through surveys, measurements, observations etc. 3. Verify data quality - check for accuracy, completeness, outliers. 4. Analyze the data - summarize, look for patterns and insights. Compute measures like averages, percentages etc. 5. Interpret results in the context of the question - report findings and conclusions that help answer the original question. 6. Communicate results to support decision-making.

Uploaded by

john christian de leon
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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STATISTICS AND

PROBABILITY

Mr. JC DE LEON
Lesson 1: Introducing Statistics

 Group 1:
 • How old is our teacher?
 • Is the vehicle of the Mayor of our city/town/municipality bigger than the vehicle
used by the President of the Philippines?
 • How many days are there in December?
 • Does the Principal of the school has a post graduate degree?
 • How much does the Barangay Captain receive as allowance?
 • What is the weight of my smallest classmate?
 Group 2:
 • How old are the people residing in our town?
 • Do dogs eat more than cats?
 • Does it rain more in our country than in Thailand?
 • Do math teachers earn more than science teachers?
 How many books do my classmates usually bring to school?
 • What is the proportion of Filipino children aged 0 to 5 years who are
underweight or overweight for their age?
 answered by a piece of information which is considered always true

 need more information or data to be able to answer the question.


1. Statistics as a Tool in Decision-Making

 Statistics is defined as a science that studies data to be able to make a


decision. Hence, it is a tool in decision-making process.
 involves the methods of collecting, processing, summarizing and analyzing
data in order to provide answers or solutions to an inquiry.
 One also needs to interpret and communicate the results of the methods
identified above to support a decision that one makes when faced with a
problem or an inquiry.
 The word “statistics” actually comes from the word “state”
Statistics enable us to

 characterize persons, objects, situations, and phenomena;

 explain relationships among variables;

 formulate objective assessments and comparisons; and, more importantly

 make evidence-based decisions and predictions.


2. Statistical Process in Solving a
Problem
 “Do dogs eat more than cats?”
 representative groups were observed for some characteristics
 animal weight
 amount of food in grams eaten per day
 breed of the animal.

 After the data were gathered, we must verify the quality of the data to
make a good decision. Data quality check could be done as we process
the data to summarize the information extracted from the data. Then using
this information, one can then make a decision or provide answers to the
problem or question at hand.
To summarize, a statistical process in making a
decision or providing solutions to a problem
include the following:
 • Planning or designing the collection of data to answer statistical questions in a
way that maximizes information content and minimizes bias;
 • Collecting the data as required in the plan;
 • Verifying the quality of the data after they were collected;
 • Summarizing the information extracted from the data; and
 • Examining the summary statistics so that insight and meaningful information can
be produced to support decision-making or solutions to the question or problem at
hand.
 Hence, several activities make up a statistical process which for some the
process is simple but for others it might be a little bit complicated to
implement. Also, not all questions or problems could be answered by a
simple statistical process. There are indeed problems that need complex
statistical process. However, one can be assured that logical decisions or
solutions could be formulated using a statistical process

KEY POINTS
• Difference between questions that could be and those that could not
answered using Statistics.
• Statistics is a science that studies data.
• There are many uses of Statistics but its main use is in decision-making.
• Logical decisions or solutions to a problem could be attained through a
statistical process.
Quiz no. 1
 1. Identify which of the following questions are answerable using a statistical
process.
 a. What is a typical size of a Filipino family?
 b. How many hours in a day?
 c. How old is the oldest man residing in the Philippines?
 d. Is planet Mars bigger than planet Earth?
 e. What is the average wage rate in the country?
 f. Would Filipinos prefer eating bananas rather than apple?
 g. How long did you sleep last night?
 h. How much a newly-hired public school teacher in NCR earns in a month?
 i. How tall is a typical Filipino?
 j. Did you eat your breakfast today?
Group Activity

 From the identified questions in Number 1 that are answerable using


a statistical process, describe the activities involved in the process

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