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Communication Models

The document describes three models of communication: linear, interactive, and transactional. The linear model views communication as a one-way process from sender to receiver. The interactive model emphasizes feedback and that differing environments between communicators can cause misunderstandings. The transactional model depicts communication as a simultaneous and continuous two-way process between interdependent parties whose relationship is defined through their communications.

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Käth Käth
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156 views14 pages

Communication Models

The document describes three models of communication: linear, interactive, and transactional. The linear model views communication as a one-way process from sender to receiver. The interactive model emphasizes feedback and that differing environments between communicators can cause misunderstandings. The transactional model depicts communication as a simultaneous and continuous two-way process between interdependent parties whose relationship is defined through their communications.

Uploaded by

Käth Käth
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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THE MODELS OF

COMMUNICATION
Linear, Interactive and Transactional
A LINEAR VIEW
Linear Model
• In this linear communication model, communication is like
giving an injection: a sender encodes ideas and feelings
into some sort of message and then conveys them by
means of a channel (speech, writing, and so on) into a
receiver, who decodes the message.
Linear Model
• The model highlights how different channels can affect
the way a receiver responds to a message.
• It also introduces the concept of noise- a term used by
social scientist to describe any forces that interfere with
effective communication. Noise can occur at any stage of
the communication process.
Linear Model
• Three types of noise can disrupt communication- external,
physiological and psychological.
• External noise also called physical, includes those factors
outside the receiver that make it difficult to hear, as well
as other kinds of distractions. Eg., a smoky room.
• Physiological noise involves biological factors in the
receiver or sender that interfere with accurate reception:
illness, fatigue and so on.
Linear Model
• Physiological noise involves biological factors in the
receiver or sender that interfere with accurate reception:
illness, fatigue and so on.
• Psychological Noise refers to forces within a
communicator that interfere with the ability to
express or understand a message accurately. For eg,
stress, defensiveness.
AN INTERACTIVE VIEW
Interactive Model
• This model makes the importance of feedback clear.
It shows that most communication is , indeed, a two
way affair in which we both send and receive
messages.

• It also identifies a clue to the cause of many


misunderstandings. Such misunderstandings often
arise because communicators often occupy
different environments- fields of experience- that
help them understand others behavior.
Interactive Model
• In communication terminology, environment refers
not only to a physical location but also to the
personal experiences and cultural background that
participants bring to a conversation.
• Consider just some of the factors that might
contribute to different environments:
• A might belong to one ethnic group and B to
another
• A might be rich and B poor
Interactive Model
• In the figure showed in the previous slide, the
environments A and B overlap, representing the
background communicators must have in common.
As the shared environment becomes smaller,
communication becomes more difficult.
• Differing environments make understanding
difficult, but certainly not impossible. Hard work
and many communication skills help to bridge the
gap that separates us.
A TRANSACTIONAL VIEW
Transactional View
• The activity of communicating is best represented
by a transactional communication model.
• A transactional model reveals that we usually send
and receive messages simultaneously, so that the
images of sender and receiver should not be
separated as if a person were doing only one or the
other, but rather superimposed and redefined as
‘communicators.’
Transactional View
• The model also posits that communication isn’t
something we do to others, rather, it is an activity
we do with them.
• The transactional nature of communication is
explained in the relationship between parents and
children.
Transactional View
• Communication is a continuous, transactional
process involving participants who occupy different
but overlapping environments and create a
relationship by simultaneously sending and
receiving messages, many of which are distorted by
external, physiological and psychological noise.

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