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    Lesson 7 Engperf

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    RAFIQ REHAN
    The document discusses key engine performance metrics like torque, horsepower, efficiency, and losses. It defines torque as a twisting force and horsepower as a rate of doing work. An engine produces maximum torque at a certain rpm. Only 20% of fuel energy is typically converted to useful work, with the rest lost to cooling, exhaust, friction, and accessories. Reducing losses can improve efficiency. Dynos measure actual performance with or without drivetrain drag.

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    Lesson 7 Engperf

    Uploaded by

    RAFIQ REHAN
    206 views26 pages
    The document discusses key engine performance metrics like torque, horsepower, efficiency, and losses. It defines torque as a twisting force and horsepower as a rate of doing work. An engine produces maximum torque at a certain rpm. Only 20% of fuel energy is typically converted to useful work, with the rest lost to cooling, exhaust, friction, and accessories. Reducing losses can improve efficiency. Dynos measure actual performance with or without drivetrain drag.

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    The document discusses key engine performance metrics like torque, horsepower, efficiency, and losses. It defines torque as a twisting force and horsepower as a rate of doing work. An engine produces maximum torque at a certain rpm. Only 20% of fuel energy is typically converted to useful work, with the rest lost to cooling, exhaust, friction, and accessories. Reducing losses can improve efficiency. Dynos measure actual performance with or without drivetrain drag.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    206 views26 pages

    Lesson 7 Engperf

    Uploaded by

    RAFIQ REHAN
    The document discusses key engine performance metrics like torque, horsepower, efficiency, and losses. It defines torque as a twisting force and horsepower as a rate of doing work. An engine produces maximum torque at a certain rpm. Only 20% of fuel energy is typically converted to useful work, with the rest lost to cooling, exhaust, friction, and accessories. Reducing losses can improve efficiency. Dynos measure actual performance with or without drivetrain drag.

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    Engine Terminology

    Measuring Engine
    Performance

    Lesson 7

    March 2008
    Definition of Engine Torque

    Turning or twisting force that causes a body to turn (rotate).

    Torque = Length x Force Applied

    Engine torque is a rating of the turning force


    (torque) at the crankshaft end. Engine torque
    specifications can be found in shop manuals.
    Engine Torque Specs

    Given in a shop manual


    Torque specification example:
    450 ft lb @ 3000 rpm
    engine would be capable of producing a maximum of
    450 ft lb of torque at an operating speed of 3000
    revolutions per minute
    The metric unit for engine torque is newton-meters
    (N•m)
    Definition of Horsepower

    Horsepower is the rate at which torque is


    produced.

    One horsepower is equal to 33,000 foot-


    pounds of work in one minute.

    One horsepower is equal to 746 watts, 545


    Btu, 1055 joules, or 252 gram-calories.
    1 HP is equal to 33,000 ft.lbs. of Work
    Horsepower Formula
    Remember laws of mechanics (physics)

    work = Distance (ft.) Moved x Force (lbs.) Applied


    Horse power example
    BHP & IHP

    BHP – Brake Horsepower


    usable power at the engine crankshaft
    IHP – Indicated Horsepower
    power formed in the combustion chamber

    There is a third HP rating that is important


    **WARNING**

    Horse Power Loss


    Friction and Load (HP robbers)

    Can you describe the difference between friction and


    load?
    Engine Friction

    What are the components that cause engine friction?


    Engine Load

    What components cause engine load?


    Does it not take horse power to drive these accessories?
    FHP (Frictional Horse Power)
    The power needed to overcome engine friction and load

    IHP (Indicated Horse Power)


    _
    FHP (Frictional Horse Power)
    =
    BHP (Brake Horse Power)
    Efficiency

    How efficient is the four stroke cycle engine?


    5% loss to engine friction and load
    2 % chassis and transaxle weight
    3 % tire resistance
    2 % loss to aerodynamics
    35 % Cooling system
    35 % Exhaust system

    20 % or less to do work

    .80 cents of every dollar thrown away


    Designed Loss of Efficiency

    Do you remember our discussion about engine


    friction and load?
    Now you can see the impact they have on
    efficiency.
    2 Greatest Wastes of Power?
    Exhaust System 35% Cooling System 35%
    Thermal Efficiency

    Thermal efficiency is the


    measured comparison between
    horsepower output in relation to
    the amount of fuel burned to
    create this power.
    To look at it differently, thermal
    efficiency is the measurement of
    how well the engine uses the
    energy (heat) produced from
    combustion (burning fuel charge)
    to turn the crankshaft.
    Normal rating is 20-30 %.
    Keep the Heat

    In general, less heat


    rejected to the cooling
    system or atmosphere
    results in more heat energy
    to be converted to
    mechanical energy
    Exhaust coatings and
    wraps
    Coated piston crowns
    FHP / NHP /GHP /THP

    NHP – Net Horsepower – maximum power developed by an


    engine when all accessories on

    GHP – Gross Horsepower – maximum power developed with


    only minimum accessories on

    THP – Taxable Horsepower – rating of engine size


    Formula
    thp = bore squared x number of cylinders x .04
    Reducing Friction

     Low tension piston rings


     Thinner piston rings
     Low tension valve springs
    Lighter valves allow lower tension
    valve springs
     Low-friction coatings
     Main and rod bearings
     Piston skirts
     Cam lobes and followers
    Mechanical Efficiency

    Mechanical efficiency compares the difference between Brake


    Horsepower (BHP) and Indicated Horsepower (IHP).
    If 70-80% mechanical efficiency is normal, then the lost
    horsepower was caused by our horsepower thieves and
    Frictional Horsepower.

    FHP(frictional) = IHP(indicated) – BHP(brake)

    Example : 30 (IHP) – 25(BHP) = 5 FHP


    Engine Efficiency

    Engine efficiency is the ratio of BHP (Brake Horsepower)


    to the power produced by the burning of a fuel charge
    (combustion) in the engine cylinders.

    BHP in relation to Fuel quantity = Engine efficiency

    As previously seen, only an average of 20% heat energy is


    available to do work (turning crankshaft).
    Engine Dynometer
    • measuring engine performance without driveline
    frictional losses
    Chassis Dynometer
     Measures the horsepower delivered to the rear wheels
     Indicates the amount of horsepower available to propel the car
     Accounts for any power consumed by the drive train
    Dyno Performance Chart
    Example of Engine Rating

    141 @
    2.0 150 @ 5,200 rpm
    liter 6,400 rpm 135 @
    5,200 rpm

    Engine HP (Dodge.com) Lb-Ft

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