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    The Ottoman Empire Part1

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    bawas
    The Ottoman Empire lasted from 1281 to 1922, controlling much of the Middle East and North Africa through military conquest and dynastic rule. At its height, the Empire prospered through lucrative trade networks and the rule of leaders like Suleyman the Magnificent, but economic troubles and foreign interventions weakened it over time. By the early 20th century, the Ottoman Empire had collapsed amid debt, corruption, and its alliance with the losing side in World War I, leading to the rise of modern nation states in the region.

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    The Ottoman Empire Part1

    Uploaded by

    bawas
    315 views23 pages
    The Ottoman Empire lasted from 1281 to 1922, controlling much of the Middle East and North Africa through military conquest and dynastic rule. At its height, the Empire prospered through lucrative trade networks and the rule of leaders like Suleyman the Magnificent, but economic troubles and foreign interventions weakened it over time. By the early 20th century, the Ottoman Empire had collapsed amid debt, corruption, and its alliance with the losing side in World War I, leading to the rise of modern nation states in the region.

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    The Ottoman Empire lasted from 1281 to 1922, controlling much of the Middle East and North Africa through military conquest and dynastic rule. At its height, the Empire prospered through lucrative trade networks and the rule of leaders like Suleyman the Magnificent, but economic troubles and foreign interventions weakened it over time. By the early 20th century, the Ottoman Empire had collapsed amid debt, corruption, and its alliance with the losing side in World War I, leading to the rise of modern nation states in the region.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    315 views23 pages

    The Ottoman Empire Part1

    Uploaded by

    bawas
    The Ottoman Empire lasted from 1281 to 1922, controlling much of the Middle East and North Africa through military conquest and dynastic rule. At its height, the Empire prospered through lucrative trade networks and the rule of leaders like Suleyman the Magnificent, but economic troubles and foreign interventions weakened it over time. By the early 20th century, the Ottoman Empire had collapsed amid debt, corruption, and its alliance with the losing side in World War I, leading to the rise of modern nation states in the region.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 23
    At a glance
    Powered by AI
    The Ottoman Empire lasted over 600 years and was once one of the largest and most powerful empires in the world. It expanded initially through diplomacy and warfare, acquiring land and establishing trade routes which brought wealth and influence. However, economic troubles and weakness from invasions eventually led to its demise as European powers sought greater control over the region.

    The Ottoman Empire initially expanded its territory through both diplomacy and warfare under its early rulers. Rulers would often marry their children to the children of neighboring kings and queens to create alliances, while also amassing land through successful military campaigns.

    The Ottoman Empire rose to become a major power due to several key factors, including acquiring fertile land, establishing trade routes between Europe and Asia, and the capable leadership of rulers like Suleyman the Magnificent who expanded the empire's reach and promoted Istanbul as a cultural center. The 'capitulations' granted by Suleyman also encouraged lucrative trade.

    The Ottoman Empire

    Part 1

    Crest of the Ottoman Empire

    Created by, Jennifer Martinez


    Introduction

     Lasted 641 years!! (1281-1922)


     Longest dynasty in history
     Rulers were called Sultan, Calipha or
    Khan
     Primarily an Islamic country/empire

    For more in depth information visit: http://www.naqshbandi.org/ottomans/


    The Beginning
     Christian Crusaders
    fighting since 1095 to
    stop the spread of
    Islam
     1299 independence
    declared—Osman
    Gazi
     Gazi reigned until
    1326
     Land amassed
    through diplomacy
    and warfare

    Osman Gazi, the first Ottoman Sultan


    Why the Middle East?
     Rich Fertile soil
     Mountainous
    regions provide
    shelter and security
     Sea Coasts offer
    rich fishing
     Trade Routes
    between Asia and
    Europe
    Topographical Map of the Region
    Impact of Trade Routes

     Area rich in Spices—Able to trade with


    both Europe and Asia as a form of
    income
     Silk trade from Asia to Europe brought
    paper and gunpowder
     More than products exchanged—
    scientific, religious and artistic ideas also
    Discussion--

     Why is it important to know that the


    Crusaders had been fighting in this area
    since 1095?
     Why are spices important during this
    time?
     Why would spice trade be beneficial?
     Why would the acquisition of land be
    beneficial to this empire?
    The Ottoman Empire
    Part 2

    Crest of the Ottoman Empire


    The Rise of the Ottoman
    Empire
     Land acquired through both diplomacy
    and war
     Sultans often married off their children to
    the children of the kings and queens of
    neighboring countries to create
    allegiances
     Sultan Suleyman the Magnificent
    succeeds his father (1520)
    Reign of Suleyman the Magnificent

     In Power from 1520-


    1566
     Brilliant Military
    Strategist
     Loved the arts (e.g.
    Architecture and
    poetry)
     Made Istanbul the
    Islamic cultural center
     Also called Suleyman
    the Legislator (Law
    Giver)

    Suleyman the Magnificent


    The Height of the Ottoman Empire

     Rich in trade routes


     1526—Suleyman granted “capitulations”
    to the French.
     No taxation on France when trading with the
    Ottoman Empire (later other European
    Countries offered capitulations)
     Helped to encourage trade between
    countries
    The Height of the Ottoman
    Empire
    Ottoman
    Empire
    began
    here in
    1299

    Ottoman Empire at its largest


    Discussion–

     Looking at the portraits of Osman Gazi


    and Suleyman, what differences do you
    note?
     Why are the Capitulations important to
    the rise of the Ottoman Empire?
    (Remember the use of spices.)
    Osman and Suleyman

    Osman Suleyman
    The Ottoman Empire
    Part 3

    Crest of the Ottoman Empire


    The Fall of the Ottoman Empire
    --Economics
     300 years later Capitulations still in effect
     Europeans given an advantage in
    Ottoman market
     Europe was able to mass produce goods
     Ottomans did not have political power to
    rescind the capitulations
     Europe gained economic control over
    the Empire
    The Fall of the Ottoman Empire
    --Economics
     Ottoman Empire began to borrow money
    from European banks
     Seeking to modernize their armies,
    infrastructure, industry and institutions
     Could not repay loans
     Declared Bankruptcy in 1875
    The Fall of the Ottoman Empire
    --Politics
     Invasions of Egypt and Syria by Napoleon
    (1798-1801)
     French, Russian and British intervention as
    a result
     Treaty of Unkiar Skelessi signed July 8,
    1833—gave Russian aid to Turkey to save
    Constantinople (Istanbul).
     Napoleon was defeated.
    The Fall of the Ottoman Empire
    --Politics and Economics
     Suez Canal open in Egypt in 1869
     U.S. involved in civil war—unable to
    produce the world’s cotton
     Egypt able to export cotton through Suez
    Canal
     Britain and France able to use area tax-
    free (remember Capitulations)
    The Fall of the Ottoman Empire
    --Politics and Economics
     Ottoman Empire (Turkey) under attack
    from Russia
     Turkey is weak from invasions
     Egypt declares bankruptcy and is
    colonized by Britain in 1882.
     Since Suleyman, there have been many
    Sultans many were incompetent (most
    lasted on average 13 years)
    The Fall of the Ottoman Empire
    --Politics and Economics
     Corruption in the Ottoman government
    and royalty leads to more weakness
     Britain and France are allies during WW I
     Turkey enters WW I on the side of the
    Central Powers (German, Austro-
    Hungarian forces)
     Central Powers defeated
     Britain and France colonize the area—
    birth of the modern nation/states
    The Fall of the Ottoman Empire

    Turkey
    in 1924
    Discussion--

     What are some major political/economic


    decisions that eventually led to the
    demise of the Ottoman Empire?
     Why do other countries want to take and
    maintain economic control over this
    region?
     What impact did Capitulations have on
    the Ottoman Empire during European
    Industrialization?

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