PRESENTATION

ON
CCNA
TRAINED BY – Kundan Singh
(APTRON SOLUTIONS PVT LTD)

SUBMITTED BY – NEERAJ JAISWAL

ROLL NO. -1502831011
contact no. -7289994831
INTRODUCTION
CCNA stands for Cisco
Certified Network
Associate
It gives the information
about networking ,its types
and its application .
Networking is very
important as it provides
communication.
It is also very useful as it
helps in resource sharing.
Thus , overall it is a cost
saving technique.
TYPES OF NETWORKING
 LAN – It stands for local area network. Eg: network within
a campus .

 MAN – It stands for metropolitan area network. Eg:

network connecting various cities.

 WAN – It stands for wide area network. Eg : internet on a

whole world.
Networking Devices
 LAN card
 BRIDGE
 HUB
 SWITCH
 ROUTER
Subnetting and Supernetting
About subnetting & Supernetting
In subnetting, a network is divided into several smaller subnetwork with each
subnetwork(or subnet) having its own subnetwork address.

In supernetting, an organization can combine several class C addresses to create a

larger range ofaddresses(supernetwork).

SUBNETTING
Class A, B, C in IP addressing are designed with two levels of hierarchy.

The organization has two-level hierarchical addressing, but it cannot have more
than one physical network./ The host cannot be organized into groups, and all of the
hosts are at the same level./ The organization has one network with many hosts.

One solution to this problem is subnetting, the further division of a network into
smaller networks calledsubnetworks.
EXAMPLE OF SUBNETTING
( Example / Class A)
An organization with a class A address at least 1,000 subnetworks. Find the
subnet mask and
configuration of each subnetwork.

(Solution)
1. There is a need for at least 1,000 subnetworks.(we need at least 1,002
subnetworks to allow for the all-1s and all-0s subnetids)
2. This means that the minimum number of bits to be allocated for
subnetting should be 10, (29 < 1,002 <210).
3. 14 bits are left to define the hostids. Subnet mask (11000000 = 192).
Range of addresses
Subnetworks in example
Classless Interdomain
Routing(CIDR)
Supernetting means assigning a set of class C addresses to an organization that needs more
than 254 host addresses.

However , when these class C addresses are entered into the routing table, each occupies
one entry in the routing table./ 256 entries in the routing table.

The classless interdomain routing(CIDR) technique is devised to reduce the number

of routing table entries.

In this technique, instead of entering each single class C address with its corresponding
default mask(255.255.255.0), the router can use the supernet mask and the
lowest network address in the group.
CIDR
Hubs vs. switches
 Hubs – less expensive,
used in a very small LAN
where low throughput is
OK

 Switches – segments
collision domains,
interconnects network
segments, more
expensive, but
performance makes it
cost effective.
 ROUTERS
 It is a layer 3 or network
layer device.
 In this there is no
broadcast.
 It is WANtechnology
device.
 It is useful to connect
different networks.
 Packet filtering & it finds
the best path selection.
Router Configuration
Router always has two configurations:
Running configuration
In RAM, determines how the router is currently operating
Is modified using the configure command
To see it: show running-config
Startup confguration
In NVRAM, determines how the router will operate after next
reload
Is modified using the copy command
To see it: show startup-config
Router Access Modes
User EXEC mode - limited examination of router
– Router>
Privileged EXEC mode - detailed examination of
router, debugging, testing, filemanipulation
– Router#
ROM Monitor - useful for password recovery & new
IOS upload session
Setup Mode – available when router has no startup-
config file
Logging Into The Router
Connect router to console port or telnet to router
– router>
– router>enable USER MODE
PROMPT
– password
– router#
PRIVILEDGED MODE
– router#?
PROMPT
Configuring the router
– Terminal (entering the commands directly)
– router# configure terminal
– router(config)#
Deleting Your r o u t e r ’ s
Configuration
To delete your router’s configuration

Router#erase startup-config
OR
Router#write erase
Router#reload
Router will startup again, but in setup mode, since
startup-config file does not exists
ROUTING
 Routing is the exchange
of routes between
different networks .
 There are three types of
routing:
1. Default routing
2. Static routing
3. Dynamic routing
DYNAMIC ROUTING
 A routing protocol is the communication used between
routers.
 A routing protocol allows one router to share information
with other routers.
 The information a router gets from another router, using a
routing protocol, is used to build & maintain a routing
table.
Examples of routing protocols:
1. RIP [ROUTING INFORMATION PROTOCOL]
2. EIGRP[ENHANCED INTERIOR GATEWAY ROUTING
PROTOCOL]
3. OSPF[OPEN SHORTEST PATH FIRST]
Routing Information P r o t o c o l
(RIP)
•RIP is a distance vector routing protocol
•Hop count is used as the metric for path selection
•If the hop count is greater than 15, the packet will be
discarded
•By default, routing updates are broadcast every 30
seconds
•RIP has evolved over the years from a Classful Routing
Protocol, RIP Version 1 (RIP v1), to a Classless Routing
Protocol, RIP Version 2 (RIP v2).

•Configuring RIP
Router(config)#router rip
Enhanced I n t e r i o r Gateway
Routing P r o t o c o l (EIGRP)
• Really just an enhanced version of IGRP
• A Cisco proprietary routing protocol
• Called a hybrid protocol, but really just an advanced distance
vector protocol.
• Fast convergence
• Variable length subnet masks
• Partial updates - only when the metric for a route changes
(bounded updates)
• Multiple network layer support - IP, IPX, and AppleTalk
• A router running EIGRP stores all its neighbor’s routing tables so
that it can quickly adapt or alternate routes.
 Features o f EIGRP
 Classless Routing Protocol (VLSM,CIDR)
 Faster convergence times and improved scalability
 Multiprotocol support: TCP/IP, IPX/SPX, Appletalk
– There is no IPX/SPX or Appletalk in CCNA or CCNP
 Rapid Convergence and Better handling of routing loops – (DUAL)
 Efficient Use of Bandwidth
–Partial, bounded updates: Incremental updates only to the routers
that need them.
–Minimal bandwidth consumption: Hello packets and by default
uses no more that 50% of link’s bandwidth EIGRP packets.
 PDM (Protocol Dependent Module)
–Keeps EIGRP modular
–Different PDMs can be added to EIGRP as new routed protocols are
enhanced or developed: IPv4, IPv6, IPX, and AppleTalk
 OSPF
Open Shortest Path First
Dynamic IGP (Interior 3
A B
Gateway Protocol)
Use within your own
15
network 4 4
Link state algorithm

C 7 D

Shortest Path First

 What is ACL
Routers provide basic traffic
filtering capabilities, such as
blocking Internet traffic,with
access control lists (ACLs).

An ACL is a sequential list of permit

or deny statements that apply to
addresses or upper-layer protocols.

This module will introduce

standard and extended ACLs as a
means to control network traffic,
and how ACLs are used as part of a
security solution.
 VLAN
•VLAN stands for virtual
local area network.

•Devices on different VLAN

must have a router to
communicate with each
other.

•If devices are on the

same VLAN, then they can
communicate through a
switch.
INTER VLAN ROUTING
 A VLAN is a broadcast domain and
unique ip subnet
 Switches operate at layer2 (Data link
Layer)
 VLANS cannot communicate without L3
(Network Layer)
 The L3 communication is called inter-
vlan routing
 Inter-vlan routing is a process of
forwarding network traffic from one vlan
to another using a router
 The Subnets of your network facilitate
the routing process.
 Router interfaces can be connected to
separate vlans.
 Devices on vlans send traffic through the
router(L3) to other vlans.
 How t o configure EIGRP with RIP on same
network
In this article we will discuss how can two routing protocols exist in same network?
We have discussed basic of both EIGRP and RIP in our previous article. Now we will go
in more depth by including both RIP and EIGRP in same network.
Scenario
You are the administrator at abc.com. Company network is given below
 R0

Port IP address Connected to

F0/0 80.0.0.1 R1 F0/1

F1/0 90.0.0.1 R2 F0/1

F1/1 100.0.0.1 R3 F0/1

R1

Port IP address Connected to

F0/0.10 10.0.0.1 S1 F0/24

F0/0.20 20.0.0.1 S1 F0/24

F0/1 80.0.0.2 R0 F0/0

S0/0/0 30.0.0.1 R2 S0/0

 R2

Port IP address Connected to

F0/1 90.0.0.2 R0 F1/0

S0/0 30.0.0.2 R1 S0/0/0

F0/0 40.0.0.1 WR1 0/1

S0/1 50.0.0.1 R3 S0/0/1

R3

Port IP address Connected to

F0/1 100.0.0.2 R0 F1/1

S0/0/1 50.0.0.2 R2 S0/1

F0/0.60 60.0.0.1 S1 G0/1

F0/0.70 70.0.0.1 S1 G0/1

Configuration o f R0
First we will configure R0. To configure double click on R0 select CLI and configure it as given below
To configure and enable RIP as backup routing on R0 follow these commandsexactly.
R0>enable
R0#sh ip interface brief
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
FastEthernet0/0 80.0.0.1 YES manual up up
FastEthernet1/0 90.0.0.1 YES manual up up
FastEthernet1/1 100.0.0.1 YES manual up up
R0#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R0(config)#router rip
R0(config-router)#network 80.0.0.0
R0(config-router)#network 90.0.0.0
R0(config-router)#network 100.0.0.0
R0(config-router)#exit
R0(config)#exit
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R0#copy run start
Destination filename [startup-config]?
Building configuration...
[OK]
R0#
We need not to configure EIGRP on it as its only going to be a backup route
Configuration o f R1
Now configure R1. On R1 we need to configure both RIP and EIGRP. RIP for backup and EIGRP for main
route.

R1>enable
R1#show ip interface brief
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status
Protocol
FastEthernet0/0 unassigned YES manual up up
FastEthernet0/0.10 10.0.0.1 YES manual up up
FastEthernet0/0.20 20.0.0.1 YES manual up up
FastEthernet0/1 80.0.0.2 YES manual up up
Serial0/0/0 30.0.0.1 YES manual up up
Serial0/0/1 unassigned YES manual administratively down down
Vlan1 unassigned YES manual administratively down down
R1#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#router rip
R1(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0
R1(config-router)#network 20.0.0.0
R1(config-router)#network 30.0.0.0
R1(config-router)#network 80.0.0.0
R1(config-router)#exit
R1(config)#router eigrp 1
R1(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0
R1(config-router)#network 20.0.0.0
R1(config-router)#network 30.0.0.0
R1(config-router)#exit
R1(config)#exit
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R1#copy run start
Destination filename [startup-config]?
Building configuration...
[OK]
R1#
Configuration o f R2
To configure and enable eigrp with rip routing on R2 follow these commands exactly.
Router>enable
R2#show ip interface brief
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
FastEthernet0/0 40.0.0.1 YES manual up up
FastEthernet0/1 90.0.0.2 YES manual up up
Serial0/0 30.0.0.2 YES manual up up
Serial0/1 50.0.0.1 YES manual up up
R2#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R2(config)#router rip
R2(config-router)#network 30.0.0.0
R2(config-router)#network 40.0.0.0
R2(config-router)#network 50.0.0.0
R2(config-router)#network 90.0.0.0
R2(config-router)#exit
R2(config)#router eigrp 1
R2(config-router)#network 30.0.0.0
R2(config-router)#
R2(config-router)#network 40.0.0.0
R2(config-router)#network 50.0.0.0
R2(config-router)#exit
R2(config)#exit
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R2#
 Configuration o f R3
To configure and enable eigrp with rip routing on R3 follow these commands exactly.
Router>enable
R3#show ip interface brief
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
FastEthernet0/0 unassigned YES manual up up
FastEthernet0/0.60 60.0.0.1 YES manual up up
FastEthernet0/0.70 70.0.0.1 YES manual up up
FastEthernet0/1 100.0.0.2 YES manual up up
Serial0/0/0 unassigned YES manual administratively down down
Serial0/0/1 50.0.0.2 YES manual up up
Vlan1 unassigned YES manual administratively down down
R3#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R3(config)#router rip
R3(config-router)#network 50.0.0.0
R3(config-router)#network 60.0.0.0
R3(config-router)#network 70.0.0.0
R3(config-router)#network 100.0.0.0
R3(config-router)#exit
R3(config)#router eigrp 1
R3(config-router)#network 50.0.0.0
R3(config-router)#network
R3(config-router)#network 60.0.0.0
R3(config-router)#network 70.0.0.0
R3(config-router)#exit
R3(config)#exit
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R3#