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Four Quadrant Chopper

This document discusses the four quadrant chopper, which consists of four semiconductor switches and four diodes arranged to allow operation in any quadrant. It describes the operation of the chopper in each quadrant, with the corresponding chopper active in its quadrant. The chopper acts as either a step-up or step-down converter depending on the quadrant. Applications of choppers include DC motor control, solar/wind energy conversion, and regulated power supplies.

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Shipra singh
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381 views18 pages

Four Quadrant Chopper

This document discusses the four quadrant chopper, which consists of four semiconductor switches and four diodes arranged to allow operation in any quadrant. It describes the operation of the chopper in each quadrant, with the corresponding chopper active in its quadrant. The chopper acts as either a step-up or step-down converter depending on the quadrant. Applications of choppers include DC motor control, solar/wind energy conversion, and regulated power supplies.

Uploaded by

Shipra singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Presented By:

Sarita Patel [1512220044]


Shipra Singh [1512220047]
Kuldeep Chaurasia [1512220048]
 Introduction of Chopper
 Classification of Chopper
 Introduction of Four Quadrant Chopper
 Working Operation
 Advantage & Disadvantage
 Application
 A chopper is a static device that converts fixed dc
input voltage to a variable dc output voltage
directly.
There are five types of Chopper:

1. Class A [One - Quadrant Operation].


2. Class B [One - Quadrant Operation].
3. Class C [Two - Quadrant Operation].
4. Class D [Two - Quadrant Operation].
5. Class E [Four - Quadrant Operation].
 Type E or the fourth quadrant chopper consists
of four semiconductor switches and four
diodes arranged in antiparallel.
 The 4 choppers are numbered according to
which quadrant they belong. Their operation
will be in each quadrant and the corresponding
chopper only be active in its quadrant.
 During the first quadrant operation the chopper CH4
will be on . Chopper CH3 will be off and CH1 will be
operated. AS the CH1 and CH4 is on the load voltage
v0 will be equal to the source voltage Vs and the load
current i0 will begin to flow . v0 and i0 will be positive
as the first quadrant operation is taking place. As soon
as the chopper CH1 is turned off, the positive current
freewheels through CH4 and the diode D2 .

 The type E chopper acts as a step- down chopper in the


first quadrant.
 In this case the chopper CH2 will be operational and the
other three are kept off. As CH2 is on negative current
will starts flowing through the inductor L . CH2 ,E and
D4. Energy is stored in the inductor L as the chopper
CH2 is on. When CH2 is off the current will be fed back
to the source through the diodes D1 and D4. Here
(E+L.di/dt) will be more than the source voltage Vs .

 In second quadrant the chopper will act as a step-up


chopper as the power is fed back from load to source
 In third quadrant operation CH1 will be kept off ,
CH2 will be on and CH3 is operated. For this
quadrant working the polarity of the load should be
reversed. As the chopper CH3 is on, the load gets
connected to the source Vs and.
 v0 and i0 will be negative and the third quadrant
operation will takes place.
 This chopper acts as a step-down chopper.
 CH4 will be operated and CH1, CH2 and CH3 will
be off. When the chopper CH4 is turned on positive
current starts to flow through CH4, D2 ,E and the
inductor L will store energy. As the CH4 is turned
off the current is feedback to the source through the
diodes D2 and D3 , the operation will be in fourth
quadrant as the load voltage is negative but the load
current is positive.
 The chopper acts as a step up chopper as the power
is fed back from load to source.
Advantage:-
 Highly Reliable & Mass Production
 These are very small in size.
 Highly Efficient.
 Negligible Maintenance.
 Fast Response.
Disadvantage :-
 Harmonics.
 Power Factor & overload Capacity is low.
 They are used for DC motor control (battery-
supplied vehicles), solar energy conversion and
wind energy conversion.
 Choppers are used in electric cars, airplanes and
spaceships, where onboard-regulated DC power
supplies are required.
 In general, Chopper circuits are used as power
supplies in computers, commercial electronics,
electronic instruments.

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