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Suspension System

The document discusses various types of suspension systems used in vehicles. It describes the key components of a suspension system including springs, shock absorbers, and linkages. It explains the different types of suspensions such as independent suspension, which allows one wheel to move independently of the other, and non-independent suspension where both wheels are attached to the same solid axle. The document also discusses various spring types used in suspension systems including coil springs, leaf springs, air springs, and rubber springs. It provides details on common suspension configurations like wishbone suspension, MacPherson strut, and torsion bar suspension.

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sandeep gaikwad
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3K views70 pages

Suspension System

The document discusses various types of suspension systems used in vehicles. It describes the key components of a suspension system including springs, shock absorbers, and linkages. It explains the different types of suspensions such as independent suspension, which allows one wheel to move independently of the other, and non-independent suspension where both wheels are attached to the same solid axle. The document also discusses various spring types used in suspension systems including coil springs, leaf springs, air springs, and rubber springs. It provides details on common suspension configurations like wishbone suspension, MacPherson strut, and torsion bar suspension.

Uploaded by

sandeep gaikwad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SUSPENTION

SYSTEM

Prof. M.B. Tandale


What is suspension system
• Suspension is the term given to the
system of springs, shock absorbers and
linkages that connects a vehicle to its
wheels
• Serve a dual purpose – contributing to the
car's handling and braking.
• Protects the vehicle itself and any cargo or
luggage from damage and wear
SUSPENSION MASS
Sprung weight

Weight supported by car springs


Powertrain, body, and frame
Anything carried by the weight of springs

Un sprung weight

Reducing un sprung weight increases


control
Tires, wheels, brakes, bearings, axels, and
differential
BASIC CONSIDERATION

• Vertical loading
• Side thrust
• Road holding
• Ride & handling
MOVEMENT OF VEHICLE
• Bouncing
• Rolling
• Pitching
DANCING OF VEHICLE
SUSPENSION SYSTEM – LAY OUT
Types of Suspension System

1.Non-independent/Rigid suspension has both right and left wheel attached to the
same solid axle. When one wheel hits a bump in the road, its upward movement
causes a slight tilt of the other wheel.

2.Independent suspension allows one wheel to move up and down with minimal
effect to the other.
Suspensions

Independent

Nonindependent
Suspension System

Coil spring is the most common type of spring found on modern vehicles.

Leaf springs are now limited to the rear of some cars.


FRONT WHEEL
INDEPENDENT SUSPENSION
SYSTEMS
Independent Suspension System Parts
Basic Parts

Ball Joints – swivel joints that allow


control arm and steering knuckle to
move up and down and side to side.

Springs – supports the weight of the


vehicle; permits the control arm and
Wheel to move up and down.
Shock absorbers or dampeners – keeps
the suspension from continuing to bounce
after spring compression and extension.

Control arm bushing – sleeves that


allows the control arm to swing
up and down on the frame.
TYPES

• Wishbone Suspension
• MacPherson Strut
Vertical guide
• Trailing link
• Swinging half axle
Wishbone Suspension
Wishbone Suspension

Upper wishbone

Lower wishbone
Advantages & Disadvantages of
Wishbone type independent suspension
Advantages Disadvantages

• Ride quality is good. • Initial cost is more


• Improve the steering • Maintenance cost is more.
preciseness since the • Required frequent wheel
wheel movement are alignment otherwise
not link increase tyre wear.
• Ground clearance
increase

Applications:-SUV,CARS
MacPherson Strut

Strut
assembly

Frame

Shock
absorber

Knuckle

Control
arm
Coil spring
MacPherson Strut
Front Suspension
(MacPherson Strut)
Advantages & Disadvantages of
Macpherson strut suspension
Advantages Disadvantages
• Light in weight. • Not suitable for Heavy motor
• Camber does not change vehicle.
due to up & movement of • Load caring capacity is less.
wheels
• Maximum Engine
compartment available.
• Maintenance cost is less.
• Initial cost is less.
• Ride comfort is more.
• Improve road safety.

Applications:-CARS
VERTICAL GUIDE
TRAILING
SWINGING
REAL WHEEL INDEPENDENT

DION AXLE
TRAILING LINK INDEPENDENT
SEMI TRAILING LINK INDEPENDENT
DEPENDENT
SUSPENSION
Solid Rear Axle Suspension

Shock absorber

Coil
springs

Axle housing
Stabilizer bar

Trailing arm
Torsion Bar

The bar resists twisting action and acts


like a conventional spring
Advantages & Disadvantages of Torsion
bar suspension
Advantages Disadvantages
• Light in weight. • It does not take accelerate
• Less space occupies . & Braking thrust so
• Its maintenance cost is required additional
less. linkages
• Due lack of friction
• Initial cost is less. damping is necessary due
• Ride comfort is more. road shock
•

Applications:-SUV Tata Safari, Tempo


Trax
Suspension System

•Used to keep the body from leaning excessively in sharp turns.


•Fastened to lower control arms. (rubber bushings are used)

•During cornering, centrifugal force makes the outside of body drop and inside raise.
•The bar’s resistance to twisting motion limits body lean in corners.
Sway Bar (Stabilizer Bar)
TELESCOPIC TYPE SHOCK
ABSORBER
Shock Absorber Action
Layout of Air Suspension System
AIR SUSPENSION
 Comprises of compressor , suppling air to air tank
 Pressure maintained – 5.6 to 7 kg/sq.m

 Air bags – on each wheel

 As load applied , air bags compressed actuating the


levelling valve .
 Air from the tank fills the compressrd air bag &
hence raise the level of the frame.
 Air from air bag gets released as load on chassis
decreases .
ADVANTAGES OF AIR SUSPENSION
 These maintain a constant frequency of vibration
whether the vehicle is laden or unladen.
 Constant frame height is maintained.

 It helps to reduce the load while the vehicle in


motion i.e. the dynamic loading as the spring rate
variation between laden and unladen weight is
much less.
 It gives smooth and comfort ride of the vehicle.

 The stiffness of the system increases with the


increase of the deflection.
 Reduce noise in suspension system.
DISADVANTAGES

Higher initial cost


Occupies more space.
Maintenance cost is more
Due lack of friction damping is
necessary due road shock
COMMON AIR SUSPENSION PROBLEMS

 Air bag or air strut failure


 - due to old age, or moisture within the air
system that damages them from the inside.
 Compressor failure

 - Primarily due to leaking air springs or air


struts
 - Compressor burnout may also be caused by
moisture from within the air system coming into
contact with its electronic parts.
 Dryer failure

 - which functions to remove moisture from the


air system eventually becomes saturated and
unable to perform that function
HYDRO ELASTIC SUSPENSION

A system where the front and rear suspension


systems were connected together in order to
better level the car when driving.
 The front and rear suspension units have
Hydroelastic displacers, one per side.
 These are interconnected by a small bore pipe.
Each displacer incorporates a rubber spring
 Damping of the system is achieved by rubber
valves.
when the front wheel encounter bumps ,the piston
moves upwards pressurising the fluid to enter into
the rear unit.
Hydroelastic was eventually refined into Hydragas
suspension.......
HYDROGAS SUSPENSION
 Known as hydro-pneumatic suspension.
 The difference is in the displacer unit itself.

 In the older systems, fluid was used in the displacer


units with a rubber spring cushion built-in.
 With Hydragas, the rubber spring is removed
completely.
 The fluid still exists but above the fluid there is now a
separating membrane or diaphragm, and above that is
a cylinder or sphere which is charged with nitrogen
gas.
 The nitrogen section is what has become the spring
and damping unit whilst the fluid is still free to run
from the front to the rear units and back.
DIFFERENCE …
TYPES OF SPRINGS

• 1. Steel Springs
• Coil Spring
• Leaf Spring
• Tapered Spring
• Torsion bar
• 2. Rubber Spring
• Compression Spring
• Compression shear Spring
• Steel reinforced Spring
• Progressive Spring
• Face shear Spring
• Torsional shear Spring
•
• 3. Plastic spring
• 4. Air spring
• 5. Hydraulic spring
LEAF SPRINGS
TAPER LEAF (MONO LEAF)
COIL SPRINGS
ADVANTAGES
RUBBER SPRINGS
AIR SPRINGS
AIR SPRINGS
TELESCOPIC TYPE SHOCK
ABSORBER
SHOCK ABSORBER
 Self-levelling refers to an automobile suspension
system that maintains a constant ride height of
the vehicle above the road, regardless of load.

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