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Synthetic Division

Synthetic division is a shorthand method for polynomial long division when dividing by a linear factor. It involves arranging the terms of the dividend in descending order and writing the coefficients in a row. The constant term of the divisor is written next to the first coefficient and used to multiply and add down the row, producing the coefficients of the quotient and remainder. The process is repeated until the last term, with the final row giving the quotient polynomial and remainder. Synthetic division streamlines the division process when the divisor is a first-degree polynomial.

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Joy Santiago
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220 views19 pages

Synthetic Division

Synthetic division is a shorthand method for polynomial long division when dividing by a linear factor. It involves arranging the terms of the dividend in descending order and writing the coefficients in a row. The constant term of the divisor is written next to the first coefficient and used to multiply and add down the row, producing the coefficients of the quotient and remainder. The process is repeated until the last term, with the final row giving the quotient polynomial and remainder. Synthetic division streamlines the division process when the divisor is a first-degree polynomial.

Uploaded by

Joy Santiago
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Prayer

Warm Up
Divide using long division.
1. 125 ÷ 5 25
2. 110 ÷ 4 27.5
3. 6x – 15y 2x - 5y
3
2
4. 𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 1 x-3 R.4
𝑥+1
Synthetic Division
=> is a shorthand method,
or short cut, method of
polynomial division in the
special case of dividing by a
linear factor and it only works
in this case.
Steps in Synthetic Division
STEP 1
See to it that the terms of the dividend
are arranged in descending order of
the exponents. Write the numerical
coefficients in a row, with o
representing any missing terms.

(x2 – 2x + 1) ÷ (x + 1)

1–2 1
Steps in Synthetic Division
STEP 2:
Write the constant term c of the divisor
x-c at the left hand side of the
coefficients. (Note: It may also be
placed on the right hand side, if that is
anyone’s preference.)

-1 1–2 1
Steps in Synthetic Division
STEP 3:
Bring down the leading coefficient of
the dividend. Multiply it by c and add
to the second column.
–1 1 – 2 1
–1 3
1 –3
Steps in Synthetic Division
STEP 4:
Multiply the sum obtained in Step 3 by
c and add to the third column. Repeat
this process until you reach the last
column.
–1 1–2 1
–1 3
1 –3 4
Steps in Synthetic Division
STEP 5:
The third row of numbers are the
coefficients of the terms of the
quotient. The degree is one less than
that of the dividend. The right most
number is the remainder.
Q(x)=x-3, R=4
Find the quotient using synthetic
division.
1. (3x3 + 4x2 + 8) ÷ (x + 2)
Step 1: 3 4 0 8

Step 2: -2 3 4 0 8

Step 3: -2 3 4 0 8
–6 4 -8
3 -2 4
Step 4: -2 3 4 0 8
–6 4 -8
3 -2 4 0

Step 5: Q(x)= 3x2 -2x+4, R=0


2. (2x4 + x5 – 32) ÷ (x - 2)
Arrange: x5 + 2x4 – 32

Step 1: 1 2 0 0 0 -32
Step 2: 2 1 2 0 0 0 -32

Step 3: 2 1 2 0 0 0 -32
2 8 16 32 64
1 4 8 16 32
Step 4:
2 1 2 0 0 0 -32
2 8 16 32 64
14 8 16 32 32
Step 5:
Q(x)= x4+4x3 +8x2 +16x+32, R=32
Generalization
1. What is synthetic division?
2. How do you find the quotient and
remainder using synthetic division?
Application
Group Acivity
 Activity Title: Find Me! (Worksheet)
EVALUATION
A. Use synthetic division to find the
quotient and remainder in each of the
following:
1. (𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 25) ÷ (𝑥 + 1)
2. (𝑥 2 +3𝑥 + 10) ÷ 𝑥 + 2
3. (2𝑥 4 −3𝑥 2 + 1) ÷ (𝑥 − 2)
4. (𝑥 2 −5𝑥 + 2) ÷ (𝑥 − 4)
B. If 𝑟 = 2𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 2 − 4 − 6 and 𝑠 = (𝑥 − 2).
𝑟
What is ?
𝑠
ASSIGNMENT
Provision for integration of Content Areas in
the Language Teaching
 Get the meaning of the word “synthetic”
from the dictionary. Write a paragraph
explaining in your own words why the
process discussed earlier is called
“synthetic division process”.

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