Discovering Computers
Fundamentals,
2011 Edition
Living in a Digital World
Objectives Overview
Describe various types of
network attacks, and
Discuss techniques to
identify ways to safeguard
prevent unauthorized
against these attacks,
computer access and use
including firewalls and
intrusion detection software
Identify safeguards against Explain the ways to protect
hardware theft and against software theft and
vandalism information theft
See Page 181 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 2
for Detailed Objectives Chapter 5
Objectives Overview
Discuss the types of Identify risks and
devices available that safeguards associated
protect computers with wireless
from system failure communications
Discuss ways to
Discuss issues
prevent health-related
surrounding
disorders and injuries
information privacy
due to computer use
See Page 181 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 3
for Detailed Objectives Chapter 5
Computer Security Risks
• A computer security risk is any event or action that could
cause a loss of or damage to computer hardware,
software, data, information, or processing capability
• A cybercrime is an online or Internet-based illegal act
Hackers Crackers Script Kiddies Corporate Spies
Unethical
Cyberextortionists Cyberterrorists
Employees
Pages 182 - 183 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 8
Chapter 5
Computer Security Risks
Pages 182 - 183 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 9
Figure 5-1 Chapter 5
Internet and Network Attacks
• Information transmitted over networks has a
higher degree of security risk than information
kept on an organization’s premises
Computer Virus Worm Trojan Horse Rootkit
• Affects a • Copies itself • A malicious • Program that
computer repeatedly, program that hides in a
negatively by using up hides within or computer and
altering the way resources and looks like a allows someone
the computer possibly legitimate from a remote
works shutting down program location to take
the computer full control
or network
Page 184 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 10
Chapter 5
Video: Attack of the Mobile Viruses
CLICK TO START
Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 11
Chapter 5
Internet and Network Attacks
• An infected computer has one or more of the
following symptoms:
Operating system Available memory Screen displays
Files become
runs much slower is less than unusual message
corrupted
than usual expected or image
Unknown
Music or unusual Programs or files
Existing programs programs or files
sound plays do not work
and files disappear mysteriously
randomly properly
appear
Operating system
System properties Operating system
shuts down
change does not start up
unexpectedly
Page 184 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 12
Chapter 5
Internet and Network Attacks
Page 185 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 13
Figure 5-2 Chapter 5
Internet and Network Attacks
• Users can take several precautions to protect their home
and work computers and mobile devices from these
malicious infections
Pages 185 – 187 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 14
Figure 5-4 Chapter 5
Internet and Network Attacks
Page 186 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 15
Figure 5-3 Chapter 5
Internet and Network Attacks
• A botnet is a group of compromised computers connected to a
network
– A compromised computer is known as a zombie
• A denial of service attack (DoS attack) disrupts computer access to
Internet services
• A back door is a program or set of instructions in a program that
allow users to bypass security controls
• Spoofing is a technique intruders use to make their network or
Internet transmission appear legitimate
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 5, Click Web
Link from left navigation,
then click DoS Attacks
below Chapter 5
Pages 187 - 188 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 16
Chapter 5
Internet and Network Attacks
• A firewall is hardware and/or software that
protects a network’s resources from intrusion
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 5, Click Web
Link from left navigation,
then click Firewalls
below Chapter 5
Pages 188 - 189 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 17
Figure 5-5 Chapter 5
Internet and Network Attacks
Intrusion detection software
• Analyzes all network traffic
• Assesses system vulnerabilities
• Identifies any unauthorized intrusions
• Notifies network administrators of
suspicious behavior patterns or security
breaches
Page 189 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 18
Chapter 5
Unauthorized Access and Use
Unauthorized access is Unauthorized use is the
the use of a computer or use of a computer or its
network without data for unapproved or
permission possibly illegal activities
Page 189 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 19
Chapter 5
Unauthorized Access and Use
• Access controls define who can access a
computer, when they can access it, and what
actions they can take
– Two-phase processes called identification and
authentication
– User name
– Password
– CAPTCHA
Pages 189 - 190 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 20
Figure 5-6 Chapter 5
Unauthorized Access and Use
• A possessed object is any • A biometric device
item that you must carry to authenticates a person’s
gain access to a computer identity by translating a
or computer facility personal characteristic into
– Often are used in a digital code that is
combination with a personal compared with a digital
identification number (PIN) code in a computer
Page 191 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 21
Figure 5-8 Chapter 5
Unauthorized Access and Use
• Digital forensics is the discovery, collection, and
analysis of evidence found on computers and
networks
• Many areas use digital forensics
Law Criminal Military
enforcement prosecutors intelligence
Information
Insurance
security
agencies
departments
Page 192 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 22
Chapter 5
Hardware Theft and Vandalism
Hardware vandalism
Hardware theft is the
is the act of defacing
act of stealing
or destroying
computer equipment
computer equipment
Page 193 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 23
Chapter 5
Hardware Theft and Vandalism
• To help the reduce of chances of theft, companies
and schools use a variety of security measures
Cables to lock
Physical access controls Alarm systems
equipment
Real time location Passwords, possessed
system objects, and biometrics
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 5, Click Web
Link from left navigation,
then click RTLS
below Chapter 5
Page 193 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 24
Figure 5-9 Chapter 5
Software Theft
• Software theft occurs when someone:
Steals software Intentionally
media erases programs
Illegally
Illegally copies a registers and/or
program activates a
program
Page 193 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 25
Chapter 5
Software Theft
• A single-user license agreement typically contains the
following conditions:
Permitted to
• Install the software on one computer
• Make one copy of the software
• Remove the software from your computer before giving it away or selling it
Not permitted to
• Install the software on a network
• Give copies to friends or colleagues while continuing to use the software
• Export the software
• Rent or lease the software
Page 194 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 26
Chapter 5
Software Theft
• Copying, loaning,
borrowing, renting, or
distributing software
can be a violation of
copyright law
• Some software requires
product activation to
function fully
Page 194 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 27
Figure 5-10 Chapter 5
Information Theft
• Information theft occurs when someone steals
personal or confidential information
• Encryption is a process of converting readable
data into unreadable characters to prevent
unauthorized access
Page 195 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 28
Figure 5-11 Chapter 5
Information Theft
• A digital signature is an encrypted code that a
person, Web site, or organization attaches to an
electronic message to verify the identity of the
sender
• A digital certificate is a notice that guarantees a
user or a Web site is legitimate
– Issued by a certificate authority
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 5, Click Web
Link from left navigation,
then click Digital Certificates
below Chapter 5
Pages 195 - 196 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 29
Chapter 5
Information Theft
Page 195 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 30
Figure 5-12 Chapter 5
System Failure
• A system failure is the prolonged malfunction of a
computer
• A variety of factors can lead to system failure,
including:
– Aging hardware
– Natural disasters
– Electrical power problems
– Errors in computer programs
Page 196 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 31
Chapter 5
System Failure
• Two ways to protect from system failures caused
by electrical power variations include surge
protectors and uninterruptable power supplies
(UPS)
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 5, Click Web
Link from left navigation,
then click Surge Protectors
below Chapter 5
Page 196 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 32
Figures 5-13 – 5-14 Chapter 5
Backing Up – The Ultimate Safeguard
• A backup is a duplicate of a file, program, or disk
that can be used if the original is lost, damaged,
or destroyed
– To back up a file means to make a copy of it
• Offsite backups are stored in a location separate
from the computer site
Cloud
Storage
Page 196 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 33
Chapter 5
Backing Up – The Ultimate Safeguard
• Two categories of • Three-generation
backups: backup policy
– Full backup
Grandparent
– Selective backup
Parent
Child
Page 197 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 34
Chapter 5
Wireless Security
• Wireless access poses additional security risks
– About 80 percent of wireless networks have no security
protection
• War driving allows individuals to detect wireless
networks while driving a vehicle through the area
A wireless access Configure a WAP
point should not Change the default so that only Use WPA or WPA2
broadcast a network name certain devices security standards
network name can access it
Page 197 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 35
Chapter 5
Health Concerns of Computer Use
• The widespread use of
computers has led to
health concerns
– Repetitive strain injury
(RSI)
• Tendonitis
• Carpal tunnel syndrome
(CTS)
– Computer vision
syndrome (CVS)
Page 198 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 36
Figure 5-15 Chapter 5
Health Concerns of Computer Use
Page 198 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 37
Figure 5-16 Chapter 5
Health Concerns of Computer Use
• Ergonomics is an
applied science devoted
to incorporating
comfort, efficiency, and
safety into the design of
items in the workplace
Page 199 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 38
Figure 5-17 Chapter 5
Health Concerns of Computer Use
• Computer addiction occurs when the computer
consumes someone’s entire social life
• Symptoms of users include:
Craves Overjoy when Unable to stop
computer at the computer
time computer activity
Irritable when Neglects Problems at
not at the family and work or
computer friends school
Page 199 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 39
Chapter 5
Ethics and Society
• Computer ethics are
the moral guidelines
that govern the use of
computers and
information systems
• Information accuracy is
a concern
– Not all information on
the Web is correct
Page 199 – 201 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 40
Figure 5-19 Chapter 5
Ethics and Society
Intellectual property rights are the rights to which
creators are entitled for their work
• A copyright protects any tangible form of expression
Digital rights management is a strategy designed to
prevent illegal distribution of movies, music, and other
digital content
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 5, Click Web
Link from left navigation,
then click Digital Rights
Management
below Chapter 5
Page 201 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 41
Chapter 5
Ethics and Society
• Green computing
involves reducing the
electricity and
environmental waste
while using a computer
– ENERGY STAR program
Pages 201 - 202 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 42
Figure 5-20 Chapter 5
Ethics and Society
• Information privacy refers to the right of
individuals and companies to deny or restrict the
collection and use of information about them
• Huge databases store data online
• It is important to safeguard your information
Page 202 - 203 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 43
Chapter 5
Ethics and Society
Page 203 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 44
Figure 5-21 Chapter 5
Ethics and Society
• When you fill out a
form, the merchant that
receives the form
usually enters it into a
database
• Many companies today
allow people to specify
whether they want
their personal
information distributed
Page 203 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 45
Chapter 5
Ethics and Society
• A cookie is a small text file that a Web server stores on
your computer
• Web sites use cookies for a variety of reasons:
Assist with
Allow for Store users’
online
personalization passwords
shopping
Track how
Target
Click to view Web Link, often users
click Chapter 5, Click Web advertisements
Link from left navigation,
then click Cookies
visit a site
below Chapter 5
Pages 203 - 204 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 46
Chapter 5
Ethics and Society
Page 204 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 47
Figure 5-22 Chapter 5
Ethics and Society
• Spam is an unsolicited
e-mail message or
newsgroup posting
• E-mail filtering blocks
e-mail messages from
designated sources
• Anti-spam programs
attempt to remove
spam before it reaches
your inbox
Pages 204 - 205 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 48
Figure 5-23 Chapter 5
Ethics and Society
• Phishing is a scam in
which a perpetrator sends
an official looking e-mail
message that attempts to
obtain your personal and
financial information
• Pharming is a scam
where a perpetrator
attempts to obtain your
personal and financial
information via spoofing
Page 205 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 49
Figure 5-24 Chapter 5
Ethics and Society
• The concern about privacy has led to the
enactment of federal and state laws regarding the
storage and disclosure of personal data
– See Figure 10-25 on page 406 for a listing of major U.S.
government laws concerning privacy
Page 206 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 50
Chapter 5
Ethics and Society
Social engineering is defined as gaining
unauthorized access or obtaining confidential
information by taking advantage of trust and naivety
Employee monitoring involves the use of computers
to observe, record, and review an employee’s use of
a computer
Pages 205 - 207 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 51
Chapter 5
Ethics and Society
• Content filtering is the
process of restricting
access to certain
material on the Web
• Many businesses use
content filtering
• Web filtering software
restricts access to
specified Web sites
Page 207 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 52
Figure 5-26 Chapter 5
Summary
Potential computer risks Wireless security risks
and the safeguards and safeguards
Ethical issues surrounding
information accuracy,
Computer-related health
intellectual property
issues and preventions
rights, green computing,
and information privacy
Page 208 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 53
Chapter 5
Discovering Computers
Fundamentals,
2011 Edition
Living in a Digital World
Chapter 5 Complete
