There Is/there Are

There is/There are
“HAY”
It is used to say that something exists somewhere.
THERE IS: Used for singular. (There is an apple on the table)

THERE ARE: Used for plural. (There are two apples on the table)
There is
• “There is” can be used for countable singular nouns, with “a/an” or
for uncountable nouns, with “some”. For example:
• There is an Orange in the fridge.

• There is some cheese on the sink.
• There is a pear in the drawer.
There are
• “There are” can be used for plural countable nouns with “some” or a
number. For example:
• There are some cookies in the drawer.

• There are six bananas on the table.
Present Simple
We use present simple to talk about routines and facts.
I, we, you, they

Subject + verb + …
He, she, it
Subject + verb(s) + …
Present Simple
• I go running on Mondays.
• Anne travels every summer.
• Josh and Erika play football together.
• I don’t go running on Mondays.

• Anne doesn’t travel every summer.
• Josh and Erika don’t play football together.
• Do you go running on Mondays?

• Does Anne travel every summer?
• Do Josh and Erika play football together?
Present Continuous
• We use present continuous to talk about things we do at the
moment.
Subject + to be + verb-ing
She is speaking.
We are dancing.
I am singing.
Present continuous
?
I am dancing I am not dancing Am I dancing?
He He He
She is working She isn’t working. Is she working?
It It It
We We we
You are studying You aren’t studying. Are you studying?
They They they
Spelling rules
*When a verb ends in –e, we drop that –e for the –ing.
Come – coming hope – hoping make – making
*When a verb ends in –ie, we change it for –y and add –ing.

Lie – lying tie – tying die – dying
*When a verb has the pattern consonant+vowel+consonant, we double

the last consonant and add -ing.
Drop – dropping jog – jogging run - running
Present simple vs. Present continuous
*Indicators that we must use present simple:
ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY (always, sometimes, never, etc.)
Routines
*Indicators that we must use present continuous:

At the moment, right now, now, etc.
Things that are happening now.
Past Simple
• We use present simple to talk about an event in the past. We have
two types of verbs in the past:
*Regular verbs (they follow a rule, *Irregular verbs (they don’t

we add –ed to their endings.) follow any rules.)
Subject + verb-ed Subject + verb in the past
I brushed my teeth I went to the park
She played with dolls The dog ate the food
They danced to the music You were with Emma
We worked together He did his homework.
Past Simple
?
I I I
He he he
She she she
It worked yesterday. It didn’t work yesterday Did it work yesterday?
We we we
You you you
They they they
Irregular verbs
-Be (am/is): Was -Know: Knew
-Be (are): Were -Make: Made
-Do: Did -Meet: Met
-Build: Built -Read: Read
-Drink: Drank -Ride: Rode
-Eat: Ate -Run: Ran
-Go: Went -Sleep: Slept
-Have/Has: Had -Write: Wrote
Past Simple with was/were
?
I I I
He was sick He wasn’t happy Was he at the party?
She She she
It It it
We We we
You were sick You weren’t happy Were you at the party?
They They they
Past Continuous
• We use past continuous to talk about things that were interrupted in
the past.
Subject + to be in the past (was/were) + verb-ing

Past Continuous
?
I I I
he was studying. He wasn’t studying. Was he studying?
She she she
It it it
we we we
you were working. You weren’t working. Were you working?
They they they
Past Simple vs. Past Continuous
• While: “MIENTRAS” generally accompanied by past continuous.
• When: “CUANDO” generally accompanied by past simple.
Examples:
She was talking while we were working.
We were going for a walk when she appeared.
Future with “be going to”
• We use “be going to” to talk about future plans made with prior
decision.
Subject + be (am, is, are) going to + base form of the verb
Will is going to buy a pair of trainers.

Future with “be going to”
I am going to be with you I am not going to run.
?
am I going to write a book?
He he he
She is going to be with you. She isn’t going to run. Is she going to write a book?
It it it
You you you

We are going to be with you. We aren’t going to run. Are we going to write a book?
They they they
Future with “Will”
• We use “Will” for future predictions that are not certain.
Subject + Will + base form of the verb
It Will rain tomorrow.

Future with “Will”
?
I I I
We We we
You You you
They Will study Maths. They won’t play basketball Will they go away?
He He he
She She she
It It it
Will vs. Be going to
We use “will” for: We use “be going to” for:
*Future predictions *Predicting with evidence
You Will have a swimming pool. It is all cloudy. It is going to rain
*Threatening soon.
I will kill you. *Previous plan
*Decisions we make in the moment I am going to the dentist
I’ll go to bed. Tomorrow
*Offers
*Promises
First Conditional
• We use the first conditional when there’s a condition in order for
something to possibly happen.
• If + present simple, simple future (will/won’t)

• Simple future (will/won’t) + if + present simple
If you don’t put on repelent, mosquitoes will bite you.
Mosquitoes will bite you if you don’t put on repelent.

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There is/There are

THERE IS: Used for singular. (There is an apple on the table)

• There is an Orange in the fridge.

• There are some cookies in the drawer.

I, we, you, they

• I don’t go running on Mondays.

• Do you go running on Mondays?

*When a verb ends in –ie, we change it for –y and add –ing.

*When a verb has the pattern consonant+vowel+consonant, we double

*Indicators that we must use present continuous:

*Regular verbs (they follow a rule, *Irregular verbs (they don’t

Subject + to be in the past (was/were) + verb-ing

Subject + be (am, is, are) going to + base form of the verb

Will is going to buy a pair of trainers.

You you you

Subject + Will + base form of the verb

It Will rain tomorrow.

• If + present simple, simple future (will/won’t)

If you don’t put on repelent, mosquitoes will bite you.

Mosquitoes will bite you if you don’t put on repelent.

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Regular verbs (they follow a rule, Irregular verbs (they don’t