Scribd
Upload
94 views

Text Structures: English For Academic and Professional Purposes

This document defines and provides examples of different text structures commonly used in academic and professional writing. It discusses text structures such as definition, description, recount of a sequence, cause-effect, problem-solution, comparison and contrast, enumeration, classification, and thesis-evidence. For each structure, it identifies common signal words and phrases that indicate the structure is being used.

Uploaded by

Kris Ta La
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
94 views

Text Structures: English For Academic and Professional Purposes

This document defines and provides examples of different text structures commonly used in academic and professional writing. It discusses text structures such as definition, description, recount of a sequence, cause-effect, problem-solution, comparison and contrast, enumeration, classification, and thesis-evidence. For each structure, it identifies common signal words and phrases that indicate the structure is being used.

Uploaded by

Kris Ta La
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 23

TEXT

STRUCTURES
ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND
PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES
PRE-ACTIVITY
• Read each text silently and identify
the text type it entails.
• Write your answer on the blank
space after no. 9.
DEFINITION
• explains the nature of something
• describes the thing being defined and/or cite
examples of it.
• signal words:
• verb is/are
• for example
• can be
• is defined as
• means
DEFINITION
• Words to refer composition:
• contain
• make up
• involves
• words that suggest likeness such as
• appears to be
• refers to
DEFINITION
• general words that refer to a class/genus:
• a form of (exercise)
• a branch of (engineering)
• a type of (worship)
• a kind of (ship)
• etc
DESCRIPTION
• gives concrete details about
appearance, characteristics, and
actions
• signal words are adjectives like size,
shape, position, texture, color
• adverbs to qualify an action or thing
• adjective phrases
RECOUNT OF A
SEQUENCE
• is a chronological narration of a
historical period, a sequential
description of a process or a
procedure
• signal words
• first
• second
RECOUNT OF A
SEQUENCE
• signal words
• now
• before
• then
• finally
• During
• meanwhile
CAUSE - EFFECT
• presents reasons why a situation is
obtained
• effect is usually presented first in
academic writing to achieve a more
dramatic effect
CAUSE - EFFECT
• signal words for cause
• due to
• as a result of
• because of
• a cause of
CAUSE - EFFECT
• signal words
• so
• so that
• as a result
• consequently
• explanation for
• thus
• accordingly
PROBLEM - SOLUTION
• starts off with a negative situation
(problem) and ends with a positive
situation (solution)
• signal words
• the problem/dilemma is
• if/then
• so that
• solves
PROBLEM - SOLUTION
• signal words
• an answer to
• addresses the problem of
COMPARISON &
CONTRAST
• presents similarities and differences
• expressions that point similarity
• similarly
• in the manner
• in the same way
COMPARISON &
CONTRAST
• expressions that point differences
• on the other hand
• on the contrary
• the opposite
• compared to
• in contrast
• although
• unless
• however
COMPARISON &
CONTRAST
• take note also of comparative
• superlatives
• mark opposite (traditional vs. modern)
ENUMERATION
• a listing of parts
• of characteristics
• of examples
• often appears as a numbered list or a
bulleted text
ENUMERATION
• signal words
• to start with
• first
• second
• in addition
• next
• Then
• another
• finally
CLASSIFICATION
• presents groupings, types, classes,,
categories, and sub-categories that
constitute a concept, presented in
hierarchical order
• signal words
• there are several types/kinds of
• a part of
CLASSIFICATION
• signal words
• an example of
• groups/kinds/ways/types/classes of
• another kind of
• divided into
THESIS - EVIDENCE
• to serve the purpose of arguing a
point/position or interpretation
• may be arranged deductively (general
thesis followed by supporting details)
• inductively (details from which an
inference or thesis is drawn)
THESIS - EVIDENCE
• signal words (verbs)
• assert
• claim
• prove/show that
• support
• allege that
THESIS - EVIDENCE
• signal words (nouns)
• evidence
• proof
• argument

You might also like