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    Notes Architechture8051

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    Utkarsh Verma
    The 8051 microcontroller has an 8-bit CPU, internal RAM, ROM, and I/O ports. It contains various on-chip peripherals like timers, serial ports, and interrupt controllers. The memory is organized into on-chip RAM for data, special function registers for control, and external program memory. The I/O ports allow communication with external devices and circuits.

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    Notes Architechture8051

    Uploaded by

    Utkarsh Verma
    61 views28 pages
    The 8051 microcontroller has an 8-bit CPU, internal RAM, ROM, and I/O ports. It contains various on-chip peripherals like timers, serial ports, and interrupt controllers. The memory is organized into on-chip RAM for data, special function registers for control, and external program memory. The I/O ports allow communication with external devices and circuits.

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    Architecture of 8051 microcontroller

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    The 8051 microcontroller has an 8-bit CPU, internal RAM, ROM, and I/O ports. It contains various on-chip peripherals like timers, serial ports, and interrupt controllers. The memory is organized into on-chip RAM for data, special function registers for control, and external program memory. The I/O ports allow communication with external devices and circuits.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    61 views28 pages

    Notes Architechture8051

    Uploaded by

    Utkarsh Verma
    The 8051 microcontroller has an 8-bit CPU, internal RAM, ROM, and I/O ports. It contains various on-chip peripherals like timers, serial ports, and interrupt controllers. The memory is organized into on-chip RAM for data, special function registers for control, and external program memory. The I/O ports allow communication with external devices and circuits.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 28

    Hardware Architecture Of 8051

    Overview
    • Basic components of digital computers
    • Microcontrollers and Embedded Systems
    • Applications and Common
    Microcontrollers
    • The MCS-51 Family of Microcontrollers
    • On-chip memory, registers
    • On-chip facilities overview
    Basic Components of Digital
    Computer

    • CPU
    • Memory Memory
    • I/O CPU
    I/O

    Could be a chip, a
    board, or several
    boards
    Microcontrollers

    Memory
    ROM RAM
    CPU

    I/O

    Subsystems:
    Timers, Counters, Analog
    A single chip Interfaces, I/O interfaces
    Embedded Systems
    Real Time Control

    Must be able to respond


    predictably and in a
    known amount of time

    Environment cannot wait


    for microcontroller to
    respond.
    Embedded System
    General Block Diagram

    Sensor conditioning

    Output interfaces
    sensor
    actuator
    Microcontroller
    sensor
    (uC) indicator
    sensor
    Common Microcontrollers
    •Atmel •Motorola
    •ARM •8-bit
    •Intel •68HC05
    •8-bit •68HC08
    •8XC42 •68HC11
    •MCS48 •16-bit
    •MCS51 •68HC12
    •8xC251 •68HC16
    •16-bit •32-bit
    •MCS96 •683xx
    •MXS296 •Texas Instruments
    •National Semiconductor •TMS370
    •COP8 •MSP430
    •Microchip •Zilog
    •12-bit instruction PIC •Z8
    •14-bit instruction PIC •Z86E02
    •PIC16F84
    •16-bit instruction PIC
    •NEC
    Microcontroller Architectures
    Memory
    0
    Address Bus
    Program
    CPU Data Bus + Data Von Neumann
    2n
    Architecture
    Memory
    0
    Address Bus
    Program
    CPU Fetch Bus Harvard
    Address Bus 0
    Architecture
    Data Bus Data
    MCS-51 “Family” of
    Microcontollers

    • 8051 introduced by Intel in late 1970s


    • Now produced by many companies in
    many variations
    • The most pupular microcontroller – about
    40% of market share
    • 8-bit microcontroller
    8051 Microcontroller
    • Complete, highly-integrated microcomputer
    – CPU, RAM, ROM, IO
    • Port 0
    – 8-bit bidirectional I/O port OR
    – multiplexed low-order address and data bus bytes
    • Port 1
    – 8-bit bidirectional I/O port
    • Port 2
    – 8-bit bidirectional I/O port OR
    – high-order address byte
    • Port 3
    – 8-bit bidirectional I/O port OR 11
    – various special-function signals
    8051 Microcontroller Interface
    Signals (1)
    8
    Port 0 or Lo Addr/Data PO/AD[7-0]
    P2 / A[15-8] 8
    Port 2 or Hi Addr

    Addr Latch Ena/Program ALE /PROG*


    Program Store Enable PSEN
    Port 3/Special Functions: [Bus Timing]
    Write P3.6 / WR*
    Read P3.7 / RD*

    Interrupt 0 [Int] P3.2 /INT0*


    Interrupt 1 P3.3 /INT1*

    Timer 0 P3.4 / T0
    Timer 1 P3.5 / T1
    [I/O]
    Serial Input Port P3.0 /RXD
    Serial Output Port P3.1 /TXD
    Port 1 P1 8

    12
    8051 Microcontroller Interface
    Signals (2)
    External Access Enable/ EA*/VPP
    Programming Voltage

    Crystal/oscillator XTAL2* (External)


    Clock / Reset
    Crystal XTAL1* Generator

    Reset RST

    13
    Inside Microcontroller
    Signal
    Pins
    Bit Addressable RAM

    Summary
    of the 8051
    on-chip
    data
    memory
    (RAM)
    Bit Addressable RAM

    Summary
    of the 8051
    on-chip
    data
    memory
    (Special
    Function
    Registers)
    8051 CPU Registers
    A (Accumulator)
    B
    PSW (Program Status Word)
    SP (Stack Pointer)
    PC (Program Counter)
    DPTR (Data Pointer)

    Used in assembler
    instructions
    Parallel I/O Ports
    • Each port can be input or output
    • Direction is set in Special Function Registers

    Port0 Port1 Port2 Port3


    latch latch latch latch

    Port0 Port1 Port2 Port3


    I/O Port Circuitry
    Alternate Pin-functions
    On-Chip DATA Memory: RAM
    Internal RAM
    1F
    Registers
    Four Register Banks
    Bank 3 Each bank has R0-R7
    18
    17

    Bank 2
    10
    0F

    Bank 1
    08
    07 R7
    06 R6
    05 R5
    04 R4
    03 R3 Bank 0
    02 R2
    01 R1
    00 R0
    Bit Addressable Memory
    2F 7F 78 20h – 2Fh (16 locations X
    2E
    8-bits = 128 bits)
    2D
    2C
    Bit addressing:
    2B
    2A
    mov C, 1Ah
    29 or
    28 mov C, 23h.2
    27
    26
    25
    24
    23 1A
    22 10
    21 0F 08
    20 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 00
    Special Function Registers
    DATA registers

    CONTROL registers

    •Timers
    •Serial ports Addresses 80h – FFh
    •Interrupt system
    •Analog to Digital converter Direct Addressing used to
    •Digital to Analog converter access SPRs
    •Etc.
    On-Chip Memory: Program/Data
    Serial Port (UART)
    Original 8051 had one serial port

    TX (transmit)
    Serial
    Port RX (receive)

    Data sent and received serially


    BAUD rate must agree between sender and receiver
    Transmission modes selected using SFR

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