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4 Research Design Useful Daily LIfe

The document discusses key aspects of research design including: - Research design guides experimentation and minimizes costs while maximizing relevant information - Key elements of a research design include the subject, variables, controls, groups, instruments, and statistical tools - Randomization and replication are necessary to estimate variations and find an average effect of treatments - Controlling extraneous variables ensures only the intended variables affect outcomes - Common research designs are the completely randomized design and randomized complete block design which divide subjects into blocks to reduce environmental differences between groups

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Trisha Joy Dela Cruz
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50 views10 pages

4 Research Design Useful Daily LIfe

The document discusses key aspects of research design including: - Research design guides experimentation and minimizes costs while maximizing relevant information - Key elements of a research design include the subject, variables, controls, groups, instruments, and statistical tools - Randomization and replication are necessary to estimate variations and find an average effect of treatments - Controlling extraneous variables ensures only the intended variables affect outcomes - Common research designs are the completely randomized design and randomized complete block design which divide subjects into blocks to reduce environmental differences between groups

Uploaded by

Trisha Joy Dela Cruz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Dana Sam Apigo

Eunice Pagaduan
Kyla Allysa Martin
April Lyn Dela Cruz
- is a complete sequence of steps or
procedures that tend to be
followed when obtaining a data
during an investigation.

- Significance of a Research design


 It serves as a guide during the actual
experimentation.
 It minimizes the cost of
experimentation while maximizing
the gathered information relevant to
the problem.
 It also validates the statistical test.
The experimenter identifies:

• the subject of the study


• the variables
• the controls
• the experimental and the control groups
• the instruments and devices to be used in the experiment
• the statistical tool needed in the analysis
Randomization
- very necessary in the design of
any research.
- the experiment should be
repeated several times to find - refers to the assignment of the
an estimate of variations among experimental subjects to the
observations on the group of treatments by chance.
subjects treated alike.

Replication
Control of Extraneous Variables

- is done when balancing,


grouping, and blocking of
experimental units are employed - in an experimental design, we
in the adopted design. have to make sure that no outside
or extraneous variables may affect
the experimental subjects.

Local Control
TYPES OF RESEARCH DESIGN

COMPLETELY RANDOMIZED DESIGN (CRD)


- Treatments are assigned randomly to the experimental
subjects without restriction.
USING THE CRD
• Can be used specially for experiments with homogeneous
experimental units or in experiments where environmental
effects are easily controlled like in laboratory experiments.
• Can be done using a table of random numbers or by
drawing lots.
Example ------ CRD

Let us say an
experiment involves three
treatments and each Experimental units are randomly assigned
treatment is replicated six
times. This means that the
total number of experimental
units is 3 × 6 = 18. Each Treatment 1 Treatment 2 Treatment 3
experimental unit will be 3, 9, 4, 5, 7, 1, 8, 10 , 2,
assigned a number from 1 to 11, 13, 17 14, 16, 18 6, 12, 15
18. Treatments can now be
randomly assigned to the
experimental units.
TYPES OF RESEARCH DESIGN

RANDOMIZED COMPLETE BLOCK DESIGN


(RCBD)
- Divides the experimental subjects into more or less
homogeneous groups called blocks.
USING THE CRD
• Is used when randomization will tend to produce groups
which are not nearly equivalent for comparison.
Example ------ RCBD

How will you design an For the first block we get the following:
experiment with four treatments Random No. Subject Rank Treatment
replicated three times? 920 1 4 A

Solution: 770 2 3 B
240 3 1 C
Randomization will be done block 490 4 2 D
by block using a table of random
Group No. Block 1
numbers. In this experiment,
1 Treatment C
there will be 3 blocks since there
2 Treatment D
are three replicates. In each block
3 Treatment B
the four treatments are assigned
4 Treatment A
randomly to each of the four
subjects. The same will be done for the rest of
the blocks.

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