EAPP

12 – Del Mundo
Agustino, Apuada, Bernas, Bontia, Marallag,
Palaganas, Tatlonghari, Zantua
 Questions
1.Workout on the advantages and
disadvantages of speech and gestures

2.Research on the origin of language. Be

sure to include your references. (1-2 pages
will do)

3.Discuss in your own words the other

developments in communication (e.g.,
written language, electronic or computer-
mediated communication. Explain the
advantages and disadvantages of these
forms of communication.
Advantages and
Disadvantages of Speech
and Gesture
Speech
Advantages:
* The use of it makes the message clearer
* The use of it makes the message easier to
understand
* The messenger will get an immediate feedback
* It is not time consuming

Disadvantages:
* It is not good for confidential messages
* If the speaker fail to convey his or her
message, the audience will not understand it
 Gestures
Advantages:
* Can process a communication in a distance
* Some information is easier to demonstrate than to
put it into words

Disadvantages:
* Not applicable for long conversation
* Difficult to understand and a lot of repetitions
* Time consuming
* Cannot be used in public
Origin of Language
1) Belief in divine creation.
  Throughout history, it was believed that
language was a gift from the gods. This
belief is also found in Genesis 2:20 which
tells us that Adam gave names to all living
creatures. This belief says that humans
had the innate capacity to use language.
     It can't be proven that language is as old
as the human race, but the two are
inseparable. Wherever humans exist,
language also exists. This is shown in
every stone age tribe which has a
language equal to English, Latin, Greek,
etc.
 It also seems that languages of preindustrial
societies are more grammatically complex
compared to languages like English.
 There are no primitive languages nor known
languages to have existed in the past.
 Nevertheless, it is impossible to prove that the
first anatomically modern humans possessed
creative language. It is also impossible to
disprove that primitive languages existed in the
distant past of Homo sapiens development.
2) Natural evolution hypothesis.
 In other words, humans evolved a
language acquisition device in real
physical terms.
 Simple vocalizations  and gestures gave
away to a creative system of language.
According to the natural evolution
hypothesis, as soon as humans developed
the biological, or neurological, capacity for
creative language, the cultural
development of some system of forms
with meanings would be the next step.
 Invention hypotheses. There are several
hypotheses as to how language might
have been consciously invented by
humans based on a more primitive system
of hominid communication. 
    First, there are four imitation
hypotheses that hold that language began
through some sort of human mimicry of
naturally occurring sounds or movements:
 1) The "ding-dong" hypothesis. 
-Language began when humans started
naming objects, actions and phenomena
after familiar sounds associated with it in
real life. This hypothesis holds that the first
human words were a type of verbal icon, a
sign whose form is an exact image of its
meaning: crash became the word for
thunder, boom for explosion.
 2) The "pooh-pooh" hypothesis 
- It holds that the first words came from
involuntary exclamations of dislike, hunger,
pain, or pleasure, eventually leading to the
expression of more evolved ideas and
emotions.  In this occurrence, the first word
would have been an involuntary ha-ha-ha,
wa-wa-wa. These started to be used to name
the actions which caused these sounds. 
3) The "bow-wow" hypothesis (the most
famous and therefore the most ridiculed
hypothesis) holds that vocabulary developed
from imitations of animal noises, such
as: Moo, bark, hiss, meow, quack-quack.  In
other words, the first human words were a
type of index, a sign whose form is naturally
connected with its meaning in time and
space. 
       But, once again, onomatopoeia is a
limited part of the vocabulary of any
language. The linguistic renditions of
animal sounds differ considerably from
language to language, although each
species of animal everywhere makes
essentially the same sound:  
4) A somewhat different hypothesis is
the "ta-ta" hypothesis. 
- Charles Darwin hypothesized (though he
himself was skeptical about his own
hypothesis) that speech may have
developed as a sort of mouth pantomime:
the organs of speech were used to imitate
the gestures of the hand.  In other words,
language developed from gestures that
began to be imitated by the organs of
speech--the first words were lip icons of
hand gestures. 
Other forms of
communication
Electronic communication
Written Communication
Electronic
communication
Definition of Electronic
Communication
 It is known as electronic communication. Such
communication allows transmission of
message or information using computer
systems, fax machine, e-mail, telephone
or video conferencing and satellite network.
 People can easily share conversation, picture,
image, sound, graphics, maps, interactive
software and thousands of things for the
development of electronic communication.
 Due to electronic technology, jobs, working
locations and cultures are changing and
therefore people can easily access worldwide
communication without any physical
movement.
 Advantages of Electronic
Communication

 The following points highlight the advantages

of electronic communication:
1. Speedy transmission:  It requires only a few
seconds to communicate through electronic
media because it supports quick transmission.
2. Wide coverage: World has become a global
village and communication around the globe
requires a second only.
3. Low cost: Electronic communication saves
time and money. For example, Text SMS is
cheaper than the traditional letter.
4. Exchange of feedback: Electronic
communication allows the instant exchange of
feedback. So communication becomes perfect
using electronic media.
5. Managing global operation: Due to the
advancement of electronic media, business
managers can easily control operation across the
globe. Video or teleconferencing e-mail and
mobile communication are helping managers in
this regard.
 Disadvantages of Electronic
Communication
Electronic communication is not free from the
below limitations:
1. The volume of data: The volume of
telecommunication information is increasing at
such a fast rate that business people are unable
to absorb it within the relevant time limit.
2. The cost of development: Electronic
communication requires huge investment for
infrastructural development. Frequent change in
technology also demands further investment.
3. Legal status: Data or information, if faxed,
may be distorted and will cause zero value in the
eye of law.
4. Undelivered data: Data may not be
retrieved due to system error or fault with the
technology. Hence required service will be
delayed

5. Dependency: Technology is changing every

day and therefore poor countries face the
problem as they cannot afford the new or
advanced technology. Therefore poor countries
need to be dependent towards developed
countries for sharing global network.
Written
Communication
Written Communication :
Meaning
 It is an innovative activity of the mind.
Effective written communication is essential
for preparing worthy promotional materials for
business development. Speech came before
writing. But writing is more unique and formal
than speech.
 Effective writing involves careful choice of
words, their organization in correct order in
sentences formation as well as cohesive
composition of sentences.
 ADVANTAGES OF WRITTEN
COMMUNICATION:
 Easy to preserve: The documents of written
communication are easy to preserve. Oral and
non-verbal communication cannot be
preserved. If it is needed, important
information can be collected from the
preserved documents.
 Easy presentation of complex
matter: Written communication is the best
way to represent any complex matter easily
and attractively.
 Permanent record: The documents of
written communication act as a permanent
record. When it is needed, important
information can be easily collected from the
preserved documents.
 Prevention of wastage of time and
money: Written communication prevents
the waste of money and time. Without
meeting with each other the
communicator and communicate can
exchange their views.
 Accurate presentation: Through the
documents of the written communication top
executive can present the information more
accurately and clearly. As it is a legal
document everybody takes much care does
draft it.
 Use as a reference: If it is needed, written
communication can be used as future
reference.
 Delegation of authority: Written
communication can help the authority to
delegate the power and authority to the
subordinate. It is quite impossible to delegate
 Maintaining image: Written communication
helps to maintain the images of both the
person and the organization. It also protects
the images of the company or organization.
 Proper information: It is a proper and
complete communication system. There is no
opportunity to include any unnecessary
information in a written document.
 DISADVANTAGES OF
WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
 Expensive: Written communication is
comparatively expensive. For this
communication paper, pen, ink, typewriter,
computer and a large number of employees are
needed.
 Time consuming: Written communication takes
time to communicate with others. It is a time
consuming media. It costs the valuable time of
both the writer and the reader.
 Red-Taoism: Red-Taoism is one of the most
disadvantages of written communication. It
means to take time for approval of a project.
 Useless for illiterate person: It messages
receiver is illiterate, written communication is
quite impossible. This is major disadvantage
 Difficult to maintain secrecy: It is an
unexpected medium to keep business secrecy.
Secrecy is not always possible to maintain
through written communication. Because here
needs to discuss everything in black and
white.
 Lack of flexibility: Since writing documents
cannot be changed easily at any time. Lack of
flexibility is one of the most important
limitations of written communication.
 Delay in response: It takes much time to get
a response from the message receiver; prompt
response is not possible in case of written
communication that is possible in oral
communication.
 Delay in decision making: Written
communication takes much time to
communicate with all the parties concerned.
So the decision maker cannot take decisions
quickly.
 Cost in record keeping: It is very difficult
and expensive to keep all the records in
written communication.
 Complex words: Sometimes the writer uses
complex words in writing a message. It
becomes difficult to meaning out to the reader.
So the objectives of the communication may
lose.
 Lack of direct relation: If there is no direct
relation between the writer and the reader,
writer communication cannot help to establish
a direct relation between them.
 SUBMITTED BY:
Agustino, Apuada, Bernas, Bontia,
Marallag, Palaganas, Tatlonghari,
Zantua
SUBMITTED TO:
Dr. Gladelyn Rull