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Fiber Optic Communications

The document is a presentation on fiber optic communications and optics review. It discusses ray theory and applications, including the index of refraction and how it relates to the speed of light in different materials. It also covers reflection at boundaries between materials, Snell's law, and how the angle of transmission depends on the indices of refraction on both sides of the boundary.

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eshwar_world
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68 views10 pages

Fiber Optic Communications

The document is a presentation on fiber optic communications and optics review. It discusses ray theory and applications, including the index of refraction and how it relates to the speed of light in different materials. It also covers reflection at boundaries between materials, Snell's law, and how the angle of transmission depends on the indices of refraction on both sides of the boundary.

Uploaded by

eshwar_world
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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THE FIBER FORUM

Fiber Optic Communications

PRESENTED BY

JOSEPH C. PALAIS
Chapter 2
OPTICS REVIEW

Joseph C. Palais 2.1 2


Section 2.1
Ray Theory and Applications
Index of Refraction
n = c/v
c = 3 x 108 m/s, velocity of light in free space
v = velocity of light in the medium
n > 1, (usually)

Joseph C. Palais 2.1 3


Ray Theory and Applications

Material Index n
CO2 1
Water 1.33
Glass ~1.5
Silicon 3.5
GaAs 3.35

Joseph C. Palais 2.1 4


REFLECTION
Reflection at a Boundary
n1 n2
Transmitted Ray
Reflected Ray
r t
i Boundary
Normal
Incident Ray

Boundary

Joseph C. Palais 2.1 5


REFLECTION
n1 and n2 are the indices of refraction for
medium 1 and 2 respectfully. i is the angle of
incidence to the normal. r is the angle of
reflection relative to the normal. t is the angle
of transmission relative to the normal.

It should be noted that r = i .

Joseph C. Palais 2.1 6


REFLECTION
If any power crosses the boundary, t is
given in terms of Snell’s law:
sin  n
t  1
sin  n (2.3)
i 2
n
sin   1 sin 
t n i
2

Joseph C. Palais 2.1 7


REFLECTION
SINE FUNCTION
The sin function
1

Sin 
sin  t
0.5

0
0 20 40 60 80 100
 t
ANGLE 
deg
The only angles with physical significance are
degrees

those between of 0º and 90º

Joseph C. Palais 2.1 8


REFLECTION
From Snell’s law:
If n1 < n2 , then sin(t) < sin(i) and t < i .
We conclude that transmitted ray is bent towards
the normal.

n1 n2
t
i Normal
Boundary

Joseph C. Palais 2.1 9


REFLECTION
If n1 > n2 , then sin(t) > sin(i) and t > i .

The transmitted ray is bent away from the normal.

n1 n2
t
i Normal

Boundary

Joseph C. Palais 2.1 10

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