Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 21 views

    Engineering Hydrology: Yield Analysis

    Uploaded by

    Deepa S. Koomullil
    1) The document provides daily flow data for a river over three consecutive years, with flows grouped into class intervals. 2) It calculates the 50% and 75% dependable flows, which are the flows equaled or exceeded 50% and 75% of the time. 3) To do this, it ranks the daily flows from highest to lowest, calculates the cumulative total number of days, and determines the flows for the 50th and 75th percentiles based on the ranked data.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Engineering Hydrology: Yield Analysis

    Uploaded by

    Deepa S. Koomullil
    21 views21 pages
    1) The document provides daily flow data for a river over three consecutive years, with flows grouped into class intervals. 2) It calculates the 50% and 75% dependable flows, which are the flows equaled or exceeded 50% and 75% of the time. 3) To do this, it ranks the daily flows from highest to lowest, calculates the cumulative total number of days, and determines the flows for the 50th and 75th percentiles based on the ranked data.

    Original Description:

    Calculation of dependable flow

    Original Title

    Fdc

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    1) The document provides daily flow data for a river over three consecutive years, with flows grouped into class intervals. 2) It calculates the 50% and 75% dependable flows, which are the flows equaled or exceeded 50% and 75% of the time. 3) To do this, it ranks the daily flows from highest to lowest, calculates the cumulative total number of days, and determines the flows for the 50th and 75th percentiles based on the ranked data.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    21 views21 pages

    Engineering Hydrology: Yield Analysis

    Uploaded by

    Deepa S. Koomullil
    1) The document provides daily flow data for a river over three consecutive years, with flows grouped into class intervals. 2) It calculates the 50% and 75% dependable flows, which are the flows equaled or exceeded 50% and 75% of the time. 3) To do this, it ranks the daily flows from highest to lowest, calculates the cumulative total number of days, and determines the flows for the 50th and 75th percentiles based on the ranked data.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 21

    Preparatory Training Programme

    on
    Engineering Hydrology

    YIELD ANALYSIS
    DEEPA S. KOOMULLIL
    AE Hydrology Section
    Mundakkayam
    HYDROLOGIC CYCLE

    1. Raindrop EVAPORATION 2. INTERCEPTION


    3. EVAPORATION from land surface 4. SURFACE STORAGE
    5. SURFACE RUNOFF 6. INFILTRATION
    7. INTERFLOW 8. PERCOLATION
    9. TRANSPIRATION 10. BASE FLOW
    11. EVAPORATION from water bodies
    2
    PRECIPITATION

    RUNOFF

    ABSTRACTIONS

    RUNOFF - Response of catchment to precipitation


    Yield = Precipitation – Ab
    3
    Yield

    Yield = Direct Runoff +Base Flow +Return flow

    Direct Runoff = Surface runoff + prompt interflow +


    rainfall on the surface of the stream

    Base flow = Groundwater flow + delayed interflow

    Return flow = Irrigated water – consumptive use

    4
    Streams

    • Ephemeral stream
    - no base-flow contribution
    - most of the rivers in arid region / 1st order streams
    • Intermittent stream
    - limited contribution from the GW
    - during dry seasons WT drops to a low level
    • Perennial stream
    - always carries some flow due to considerable
    amount of groundwater flow
    - WT will be above the bed of the stream
    5
    Factors affecting yield

     Rainfall characteristics :-
    a) Intensity
    b) Magnitude
    c) Temporal & Spatial Distribution
     Catchment characteristics :-
    Area Stream order
    Stream density Drainage density
    Relief Slope
    Length Shape
    Type of soil Land use/Land cover
     Climatic factors which influence evapo-transpiration

    6
    Factors affecting yield
     Climatic factors which influence evapotranspiration
    (PENMAN’S Eqn.)

    PET – Daily Potential Ev radiation apotranspiration in mm per day


    Ea – Parameter including wind velocity & saturation deficit
    Hn - Net radiation in mm of evaporable water per day

    7
    Yield Analysis

    1. Yield Computation

    2. Yield Variability study

    8
    Yield Computation Data requirements in planning

    1. 10 daily/monthly runoff
    • Direct Method data for 30-40 yrs – at site
    - Velocity -Area Method 2. 10 daily/monthly rainfall
    - Weirs and Flumes data for 30-40 yrs & 5-10
    yrs runoff data – at site
    • Indirect Method
    - Empirical Method-Modelling (Regression Analysis)
    - Rating curve
    - Rainfall runoff correlation Ryve’s formula
    - Unit Hydrograph Method
    - SCS CN Method
    - Rational Method
    - Flow Duration Curve
    9
    Yield Variability study

    Hydrograph

     The time series of flow rates plotted as a bar-chart


     day-by-day variation of discharge

    Flow Duration Curve

    The flow duration curve is a plot of discharge vs.


    percent of time that a particular discharge was
    equaled or exceeded

    10
    Construction of FDC
     Arrange the stream flow discharge data (N values) in
    descending order of magnitude
     Assign each discharge value a rank (m)
     Calculate exceedance probability (Pp )
    - Weibull plotting position

    Pp = percentage probability of the flow


    magnitude being equaled or exceeded
    m = the ranked position on the listing
    N = the number of events for period of record
     The discharge Q is plotted in an arithmetic scale paper
    against the percentage probability pp
    11
    FDC of perennial, intermittent & ephemeral rivers
    12
    Characteristics of flow duration curve
    • Flow rates b/n Q0 & Q1 extreme flood event
    Q0 & Q10 high flow
    Q10 & Q70 medium flow
    Q70 & Q100 low flow
    Q95 & Q100 draught flow

    • Shape of the curve


    high-flow region type of flood regime
    low-flow region ability to sustain low flows
    during dry seasons
    • The slope of a flow-duration curve
    daily data steeper curve
    monthly data flat curve
    13
    Characteristics of flow duration curve
    • High-flow region
    steep slope a highly variable discharge from floods
    flat slope a slow response to the rainfall and small
    variability (large flood plains)
    • Low-flow region
    flat portion considerable base flow
    no flow intermittent stream
    • The presence of a reservoir in a stream considerably
    modifies the virgin-flow duration curve
    • The virgin- FDC plotted on a log probability paper has a
    straight line at least over the central region
    • The chronological sequence of occurrence of the flow is
    masked in the flow-duration curve
    14
    FDC of Natural & Regulated flow

    15
    Uses of flow duration curve
    • Useful in getting dependable flow
    • Useful in hydrologic studies such as hydropower, water-
    supply and irrigation planning
    Drinking water schemes – 98 - 100%
    Irrigation schemes - 75%
    Hydropower schemes - 90%
    • It characterizes the ability of the basin to provide flows
    of various magnitudes
    • Extremely useful for the design of structures on a stream
    • It is useful for comparing the adjacent catchments with a
    view to extend the stream flow data
    • to illustrate if/how the range of flows has changed over
    time
    16
    17
    Example 1
    The daily flows of a river for three consecutive years
    are shown in Table 1. For convenience the
    discharges are shown in class intervals and the
    number of days the flow belonged to the class is
    shown. Calculate the 50% and 75% dependable
    flows of the river.

    18
    Daily mean discharge No. of days flow in each class interval
    (m3/s)
    1961-62 1962-63 1963-64

    140-120.1 0 1 5
    120-100.1 2 7 10
    100-80.1 12 18 15
    80-60.1 15 32 15
    60-50.1 30 29 45
    50-40.1 70 60 64
    40-30.1 84 75 76
    30-25.1 61 50 61
    25-20.1 43 45 38
    20-15.1 28 30 25
    15-10.1 15 18 12
    10-5.1 5 - -
    19
    Daily mean No. of days flow in each Total Cumulati
    discharge class interval no. of ve total
    (m3/s) days ‘m’
    1961- 1962- 1963-
    62 63 64

    140-120.1 0 1 5 6 6 0.55
    120-100.1 2 7 10 19 25 2.28
    100-80.1 12 18 15 45 70 6.38
    80-60.1 15 32 15 62 132 12.03
    60-50.1 30 29 45 104 236 21.51
    50-40.1 70 60 64 194 430 39.19
    40-30.1 84 75 76 235 665 60.62
    30-25.1 61 50 61 172 837 76.30
    25-20.1 43 45 38 126 963 87.78
    20-15.1 28 30 25 83 1046 93.35
    15-10.1 15 18 12 45 1091 99.45
    10-5.1 5 - - 5 1096 99.91
    Total 365 365 365 1096
    20
    Thank You

    You might also like