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Form 1 Science Chapter 1

This document provides an introduction to science, including how to properly use a Bunsen burner, hazard symbols, measurement techniques, and SI units. It discusses lighting a Bunsen burner with a non-luminous blue flame, defines various hazard symbols, and describes measuring length, area, volume, mass, and weight. It also explains that the SI system standardizes units internationally to facilitate communication in science.

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Mukilan Murugasan
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266 views22 pages

Form 1 Science Chapter 1

This document provides an introduction to science, including how to properly use a Bunsen burner, hazard symbols, measurement techniques, and SI units. It discusses lighting a Bunsen burner with a non-luminous blue flame, defines various hazard symbols, and describes measuring length, area, volume, mass, and weight. It also explains that the SI system standardizes units internationally to facilitate communication in science.

Uploaded by

Mukilan Murugasan
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 1:

INTRODUCTION TO SCIENCE
Chapter highlights
•The Bunsen Burner
• Luminous flame
• Non-luminous flame
• Correct way to light up a Bunsen Burner
•Hazard Warning and Symbols
•Measurement
• Measuring length
• Measuring area
Measuring volume
• Measuring mass and weight
•SI Unit
• Importance of SI Unit
The Bunsen Burner
Luminous flame (air-hole is
closed):

- Yellow flame
- Flame produce a lot of soot
- Quiet flame
- Flame flickers
- The temperature is lower
- Not suitable for heating
Non-luminous flame (air-hole is opened):

Blue flame
Flame does not produce soot
Roaring flame
Flame burns steadily
The temperature is higher
Suitable for heating
Correct way to light up a Bunsen burner:

hold a lighted
match stick
close the air- turn on the gas open the air
hole near the mouth slowly hole slowly
of the barrel
Hazard warnings and symbols
 Do not touch with bare hands and do not
smell
 (mercury, chlorine gas, sulphur, methanol,
lead, chloroform, benzene
 Keep away from fire
 (ethanol, phosphorus, methanol, petrol
 Do not knock or heat and keep away from
fire.
 (mixture of hydrogen and oxygen, sodium,
potassium)
 Handle with care and keep off skin
 (Concentrated acids and alkalis)
  
 Do not expose yourself to these substances
 (radioactive carbon, uranium, plutonium,
radium, x-ray)
 Keep off skin and do not smell
 (alcohol, bromine vapour, chloroform,
ammonia, dilute acids)
Measurement
Measuring length

 Straight line: meter ruler can be used to measure the length of a short
straight line or an object such as pencil. Accuracy: 0.1cm

 Curved lines: a piece of thread and a ruler is used. Place the thread along the
curved line. Mark the end of the curved line on the thread. Measure the
length of the thread using a ruler. Opisometer can also be used to measure
curved lines.

 External diameter: a pair of external calipers and a ruler is used to measure


the external diameter

 Internal diameter: a pair of internal calipers and a ruler is used to measure


the internal diameter
Measuring area

 Regular shape
 Square: length x length
 Rectangle: base x length
 Triangle: ½ x base x height
 Trapezium: ½ x (the sum of 2 parallel sides) x
height
 Parallelogram: base x height
 Circle: ∏ x radius² (∏= 3.142)
The area of an irregular shape Irregular shape

 can be estimated by using a graph paper.

 Steps:
 trace the figure on a graph paper
 count the number of 1cm² squares covered
by the figure
Measuring volume

 Liquid:
 Apparatus: measuring cylinder, burette
 Meniscus: the level of liquid in any measuring
tool is curved
 Reading method: place the eyes at the same
level as the bottom of the meniscus

 Solid
 method: water displacement method for both
regular and irregular solids
Mass and Weight

 Definition: mass is the quantity of matter in an


object. Weight is the Earth’s gravity force that acts
on an object.
 Mass of an object does not change
 Weight of an object changes from place to place
depending on the gravitational force acting on the
object
 Measuring tools to measure mass: level balance,
triple beam balance
 Measuring tools to measure weight: spring balance,
compression balance
S.I. UNIT
Temperatur
Length Area Weight Mass Volume
e

Meter Cubic
Meter Newton Kilogram Kelvin
square meter

m m² N kg m³ K
The importance of S.I. Unit

 facilitate international communication


 all the countries around the world will use the
same unit of measurement

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