PROJECT PROPOSAL

COMMUNITY BASED REEF MANAGEMENT

AT KOH TAO ISLAND , THAILAND

GROUP I
MR. HARIS AKRAM BHATTI
MS. P.A.KUSHLANI N. DISSANAYAKE
MR. MOHAMMED HOSSAIN
MR. THEIN THAN SOE
MR. BUI PHAN QUOC NGHIA
MR. MUSTAMIN IBRAHIM
MR. KAMSAN NGIN
 INTRODUCTION

 Koh Tao is a small island

located in Surat Thani
province, on the western
shore of the Gulf of
Thailand.
 10°03ʹ – 10°07ʹ North
Latitude, 99°49ʹ – 99°51ʹ
East Longitude
 Area of about 21 km2
 Number of visitor over 0.3
Million/year (Couture,
2013, Hein, 2013)
 COASTAL ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES

Forest Resources
 covered with natural forest.
 In 1970 , almost 35-40% of the
natural forest was converted to
coconut plantations in the next 30 to
35 years.
Fish resource
 Day for fishing : 20 days/month
using gillnet and hooks.
 No fishing at 3km from shoreline.
Groundwater
 The groundwater quality of Koh Tao
is good.
 It is not suitable for drinking
purposes.
Beaches

Sairee Beach
is a long sandy
beach with
plenty of free
space.
 CURRENT STATUS/ ISSUES AND
MANAGEMENT

Deforestation and Run off

 Forest cutting is being
practiced for agricultural
purposes and infrastructure
development due to which
sedimentation is increasing
 CURRENT STATUS/ ISSUES AND MANAGEMENT
(contd.)

Inadequate wastewater
management
 Untreated wastewater
discharge leads to nutrient
enrichment, algae, and
harm the coral reefs and
other aquatic species
Energy Issues
 Diesel generators are used
to provide electricity on the
island.
 This source lead to
environmental pollution
 CURRENT STATUS/ ISSUES AND MANAGEMENT
(contd.)

Shortage of groundwater
 Groundwater level is decreasing
due to over pumping
 Seawater intrusion is occurring.

Rubbish and Littering

 Rubbish amount is increasing
with the passage of time. It is
burned openly on a mountain
that leads to air pollution. Waste
bins are not enough
 CURRENT STATUS/ ISSUES AND MANAGEMENT
(contd.)

Diving and Snorkeling

 It is one of the major
threats to the coral
reef on Koh Tao.
 Irresponsible
activities and bad
practices lead to
physical damage to
the reefs.
 CURRENT STATUS/ ISSUES AND MANAGEMENT
(contd.)

Socio-Economy
 Koh Tao’s economy is based on tourism.

Year Total revenue

(million Bath)

2002 500

2014 5,962
 Significance of the study

 The purpose of this study is to delineate a strategic

roadmap for implementing an integrated coastal
management strategy aiming at conserving the
coastal and marine environment of Koh Tao.
 Objectives

 To apply the strategies and tools learnt during ICM

course with reference to Koh Tao.
 To identify the adverse impacts that affects the
environment and socio-economic sustainability in
Koh Tao
 To develop mitigation measures to conserve natural
resources of Koh Tao
 Methodology

Gathering preliminary information about tourism in Koh Tao

Compilation and synthesis of literature about Koh Tao
Literature
review

Problem identification in Koh Tao based on the literature review

Problem
identification

Interview of key informant

Site observation
Data
Gathering

Analysis of the data to evaluate the severity of issues in Koh Tao

Data
Analysis

SITUATION ANALYSIS AND

FORMULATING ALTERNATIVE STRATEGY
 Data collection

 Conducted from 13th to

17th July 2015
Diversity of reef habitats
 Field survey
 Sampling site
- Japanese Garden
- Mango bay
- Light house bay
- Hin Wong bay
 WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT

 physical and chemical parameters

Parameter Instrument/Method
Sea Surface Water Temperature (0C) Measured by battery operated portable pH-
Temperature meter

Sea Surface pH Measured by battery operated portable pH-

Temperature meter

Sea Surface Salinity (ppt) Refractometer was used at the field.

Turbidity (NTU) Measured using the Turbidity meter at the field.
Sea Surface Conductivity (mS) Measured using the Conductivity meter at the field.
Totals Dissolved Solids (mgL-1)
Concentration of Nitrate (mgL-1)
Concentration of Nitrite (mgL-1) Measured by a test kit
 Socio Economic Survey

 Primary data
 dive operators, resorts and restaurants owners

 government agencies

 local communities

 non-governmental organizations via pre-structured

questionnaires, interviews and informal discussions
 Secondary data
 Official reports

 Publications

 Books.
 Socio Economic Survey
(Contd.)

According to the responsibilities and functions of each

stakeholder, they were categorized into five major groups
 Local Government: Mayor and Kamnan
 Sea based business sector: dive operators, snorkeling
operators, dive school, tour guide, boat operators and
ferry operators
 Land based sector: stakeholders related to energy, waste
management, restaurant, resort and hotels
 Tourist, NGO
 Local communities, Thailand and Myanmar community
 Identification of key informants

The interview protocol contained open-ended questions. It

was expected that the informants express their opinion
openly and spontaneously. The respondents were
evaluated on following areas;

 Current situation and issues on tourism in Koh Tao

 Perceived knowledge on environmental issues
 Awareness of stakeholders about the coastal area
 Existing regulation and polices
 Needs and expectations with reference to the tourism
development in Koh Tao environment
 Key informants involving in tourism in
Koh Tao

Key Informant Stakeholders

Sea-based sector: Ferry managers/ crew
Tour schools/ guides
Boat operators
Tourists
Dive and snorkeling operators
Land-based sector Local Community
DMCR
Resort and restaurant owner
Taxi cars
Public sector Mayor
Municipality staff
Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT)
DMCR
Police
Save Koh Tao
Waste management (both public and private sector)
Energy
Local communities (Thailand and Myanmar Community)
SITUATION
ANALYSIS
 FOR SITUATION ANALYSIS
AND ISSUE IDENTIFICATION

 DPSIR framework
Rapid Rural Appraisal tools and methods
 Pre-structured questionnaires, interviews and focus group discussions
to collect data from key informers
 Timeline diagrams
 Fisheries
 Tourism Development
 Seasonal calendar
 Fisheries
 Tourist arrival
 Brainstorming was done to discuss about issues, constrains, solutions.
 Venn Diagram to identify important institutions and individuals to
represent their relationship
 DPSIR
Driver Pressure State Impact Response
Economic gain Unplanned tourism Scattered solid waste Unaesthetic terrestrial Solid waste treated by
environment using 3R principle

Untreated wastewater Some coral-reef damage Establishing

disposal Wastewater treatment
plant
Urbanization Deforestation Increased soil erosion Sedimentation on corals Building check dams,
reforestation, vetiver
plantation

Increased GHG Less supply of electricity Establishing alternative

Increased energy emissions energy sources such as
demand wind mills
Increased imports/
costs
Dependence on water Waste water treatment
Low water availability in imports from the and recycle (artificial
Increased groundwater dry season mainland wetland)
extraction
Saline intrusion

Commercial fishing Over fishing Declined fish stocks Loss of biodiversity Prohibition of illegal
fishing, declaration of
fishing zone and
monitoring, declaration
of acceptable mesh sizes
 Stakeholder Analysis
• Provincial Government • Mayor
• Chief of District • Kamnan
High • Police • Village Heads
• Community committee
• Save the Koh Tao
• DMCR
Power influence

• DOF
• CCME-KT
• Myanmar community • Restaurants
• Ferry operators • Thai community
• PEA, SEM • Dive operators
• Nan Saug • Dive schools
• Resort owners
• Snorkeling operators
• Fishermen
Low

• TAT
• Tourists
Low High
Interest
 Stakeholders Analysis (I)
Capacity (SWOT) /motivation to Relationship with other
Stakeholder or stakeholder
The problem(s) affect the stakeholder participate in addressing the Stakeholders (For example
group
problem(s) partnership or conflict)
Freshwater shortage, Poor solid waste Popular, Good politician,
District, Provincial,
management, Waste water discharge, Administrative (Strength), Skilled
Mayor/ Municipality Community and associated
Electricity shortage, Increasing man-power & knowledge
institutions
population / Tourists (Weakness)

Land encroachment, waste Mayor, Community, Police,

Kamnan/President of Save Popular, Experienced, Skilled and
management, less community Village Head, District Chief,
Koh Tao respected (St), Patronism (W)
participation and awareness, NGOs, DoF, DMCR, Tourists

Mayor, Kamnan,
Capable enough, easy to implement Community, Police, Village
Police
laws (St), Lack of manpower (W) Head, District Chief, NGOs,
DoF, DMCR, Tourists

Mayor, Kamnan,
No sufficient budget for patrolling illegal Community, Police, Village
DoF Strong legislation (St),
fishing, Manpower shortage Head, District Chief, NGOs,
DoF, DMCR, Tourists
TAT
No coordination between units
DMCR Zonation and planning?
(W)
Head of village
CMMC
Multi-stakeholder involvement
CCME-KT Municipality,
(S)
NGOs Secondary Literature
Success Environment High waste production, incenarator
Municipality,
Management (SEM) under repair
Noise from generator, diesel leakage,
PEA high transportation cost for fuel, Nam Sang,
Manpower shortage
Commercial fishing in fishing
Alternative income, Agreement
grounds and conflicts between them,
Fisherman with DoF (St), Vulnerable DoF,
decrease fish catch, use of speargun
livelihood (T)
by divers and tourists,
Ground water/Freshwater shortage,
Financial flow (St), No/poor
Resorts owner Power shortage, Increased
wastewater treatment plants (W)
competition
Waste management mechanism
Ferry Operators Crowding, Pier size, (St), Language barrier in case of Marine Dept.
Chinese (W)
Waste and rubbish on the beach,
Tourist (Foreigners) unaesthetic environment, urban Money (St), Transit (W)
sprawling
Dive Operators
Nan Sang
Snorkeling Operators Competition among operators
Increasing number of dive
Dive Schools
schools (T)
Job opportunity, Good
Lack of awareness about passport Kamnan, Local
Myanmar Community communication (St), Long
and visa community
working hours (W)
 Stakeholder Analysis (II)
Stakeholders/group of Stakeholder’s main Positive Negative impacts/costs Net impacts
Stakeholders Objectives/role impacts/benefits
Protection of Coastal can realize the govt. support - Positive
environment and
Mayor/ Municipality
can contribute to the success
of the project
Protection of Coastal can realize the govt. support - Positive
Kamnan/President of environment and
Save Koh Tao can contribute to the success
of the project
Supporting role can enforce rules and - Positive
Police
regulation
Protection of coastal can enforce certain rules and - Positive
DoF
environment regulation
TAT Supporting role - - -
Protection of coastal can contribute to the - Positive
DMCR environment monitoring of coastal and
marine resources
ensuring social well-being can ensure active local - Positive
Head of village
community participation
Protection of Coastal can contribute to the success - Positive
CMMC Environment of the project and facilitate
regular monitoring.
Protection of Coastal can contribute to the success - Positive
CCME-KT
Environment of the project
Protection of Coastal can participate and facilitate - Positive
NGOs Environment implantation of ICM plans
and programs
Success Environment to assure their source of - - -
Management (SEM) income
PEA - - - -
 to assure their source of can follow the rules and can oppose the Positive
income regulations establishment of MPA/
Fisherman
regulated fishing (Low
impact)
,, can support the ICM plan - Positive
Resorts owner implementation

Ferry Operators ,, - - -
to assure satisfaction from can follow the rules and - Positive
tourism activities regulations and and also can
Tourist (Foreigners)
support the ICM plan
implementation
to assure their source of can follow the rules and - Positive
income regulations and and also can
Dive Operators
support the ICM plan
implementation
Nan Sang - - - -
to assure their source of can follow the rules and - Positive
income regulations and also can
Snorkeling Operators
support the ICM plan
implementation
to assure their source of can follow the rules and - Positive
income regulations and also can
Dive Schools
support the ICM plan
implementation
to assure their source of Can actively participate in - Positive
Thai community income the implementation of ICM
plan and programs

Myanmar Community - - - -
 Venn Diagram

Restaurant
owners
Resort Diving
schools Ferry
owners operators
Dive
Tourists operators

Taxi Snorkeling
operators operators

Kamnan NGOs

VH
Mayor
TC
Police MC
DMCR
FC

TAT DOF CCME-KT

PEA SEM

Nan Sang
 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT

Government sector
• Mayor
• CCME-KT
• Kamnan
• Provincial Government
• Chief of District •Local community
• DMCR •SEM (private)
• DOF •PEA (Province Electricity )
INGOs & NGOs
• TAT •Fisherman community
• Save the Koh Tao
•Resort owner
•Restaurant owner
•Dive operator
•Dive school
•Snorkelling operator
•Thai community
•Myanmar community
•Nam sang (Private Electricity)
•Boat operator (Ferry operator and
Taxi boat)
•Village head
 Loss of income

Loss of livelihood

Unsustainable reef-based tourism

Stress on Coral reef Coral Bleaching

Increased cost of accommodation Reduced

Inhibition of new polyp recruitment tourists’ satisfaction
Climate Change (El-Niño effect)

Coral outcompeted by algae

Freshwater import Smothering of Coral reef
Invasion of Drupella
and Crown of Thorns
Algal Over Growth Star fish
Physical damages on corals
Scarcity of freshwater Eutrophication Sedimentation run off
Coral mortality
Disposing of Engine oil/
Burnt Oil Reduced aesthetic value
Soil Erosion
Boat Anchoring
Saline intrusion
Nutrient enrichment Visual Pollution

Increasing number of tour Boats

Loss of forest cover
Depletion of Increased untreated waste water Discharge Over solid waste Generation
ground water table
Increased Diving
and Snorkeling activities
Hill cutting for Illegal forest cutting
infrastructure development and encroachment
Extract more ground water
Increasing number of Tourists Increasing number of hotel

Poor forest Management

Increasing demand for fresh water
Unplanned Tourism Urban sprawling
 Increased income

Increased employment opportunities

Sustainable reef-based tourism

Stress on coral reef reduced

Physical damages on corals reduced Nutrient loading and leaching in to the Sedimentation on corals minimized
sea water reduced

Sedimentation run off minimized

Specific sites are Tourism Boat anchorages Waste disposal practices implemented
allocated for first activities are reduced
time divers and monitored
snorkelers

Soil Erosion reduced

Destructive activities Forest cover

Treated waste water Discharged Solid waste disposal
were regulated increased
minimized
 Alternative Strategy

OPTION 1: OPTION 2: OPTION 3:

To reduce physical To reduce nutrient loading To reduce/minimize
damage on coral and leaching into the sea sedimentation on coral reef.
reef water

COST LOW LOW HIGH

CHANCE OF HIGH HIGH HIGH
SUCCESS
BENEFIT HIGH HIGH HIGH
TIME HORIZON SHORT SHORT LONG

SOCIAL/ENV LOW LOW LOW

RISKS
 Project Design: Logframe Analysis
Impact: Sustainable Reef-based Tourism
Outcome Outputs Activities
Reduce stress on Output-1 Activity-1.1: Raising awareness among resource users
Coral Reef To reduce physical damage on coral reef
Activity-1.2: Promotion of Code of conduct for snorkelers /
Assumption: . Assumption:
divers
1. Restaurants 1. Divers and snorkelers are willing to follow
Activity-1.3: Reef cleanups for coral predators
and resorts are the code of conduct
willing to treat Activity-1.4: Alternative Community-managed dive site
waste water development for community livelihood
2. Clean up of Activity-1.5: On site monitoring of tourist activities, water quality
coral predators and coral reef health (regulatory body is DMCR)
it effective in
Output-2: Activity-2.1: Awareness Campaign (3R implementattion, use of
reducing their
To reduce nutrient loading and leaching into the biodegradable plastic, discouraging styrofoam and plastic bags)
population
sea water
Assumption: Activity-2.2: Formation of multi-stakeholder project
1. Awareness program are effective way of management committee and Community monitoring team
changing community behaviour Activity-2.3: Development of Rules and regulation for hotels and
restaurant waste management
Activity-2.4: Establishment of artificial wetland (community
waste water treatment plants)
Activity-2.5: Preparation of a Community Action plan
Output-3: To reduce/minimize sedimentation Activity-3.1: Reforestation on degraded forest areas
on coral reef.
Activity-3.2: Planting of grasses on eroded areas
Assumption:
1. Trees, grasses and check-dams are Activity-3.3: Construction of community check dams
effective in minimizing soil erosion
 Activity Log
Milestone 1 - Year 1 Milestone 2 - Year 2 Milestone 3 - Year 3 Monitoring
OUTPUT 1 ACTIVITY 1.1 Risks
Officer
To reduce Raising awareness and 3 Workshops, material 3 Workshops, material 3 Workshops, material Use of regulation
physical damage Training for resource procurement for campaign procurement for procurement for may lead to tourist
on coral reef users and awareness events campaign and awareness campaign and dissatisfactions.
events awareness events Cleanup predators
may cause
Milestone 1 - Year 1 Milestone 2 - Year 2 Milestone 3 - Year 3 Monitoring
ACTIVITY 1.2 physical damage
Officer
to coral.
Promotion of Code of code of conduct distribution distribution
conduct for snorkelers / development of hard copies (10,000)copies (10,000)copies
divers (50,000 copies) and
distribution (10,000)copies

Milestone 1 - Year 1 Milestone 2 - Year 2 Milestone 3 - Year 3 Monitoring

ACTIVITY 1.3
Officer
Reef cleanups for coral 10000 10000 10000
predators(Drupella and
COT Starfish)
Milestone 1 Milestone 2 Milestone 3 Monitoring
ACTIVITY 1.4 Officer

Alternative Community- community organization, snorkeling and diving site management by

managed dive site co-management committee devices and tour boat committee
development for formation and agreement, procurement and site
community livelihood and demarcation of 2 sites management by
committee
Milestone 1 - Year 1 Milestone 2 - Year 2 Milestone 3 - Year 3 Monitoring
ACTIVITY 1.5 Officer
On site monitoring of monitoring of water monitoring of water monitoring of water
tourist activities, water quality, new station quality, new station quality, new station
quality and coral reef development development development
health (regulatory body is
DMCR)
 Activity Log (Contd..)
Milestone 1 - Year 1 Milestone 2 - Year Milestone 3 - Year 3 Monitorin
OUTPUT 2 ACTIVITY 2.1 Risks
2 g Officer
Milestone 1 - Year 1 Milestone 2 - Year Milestone 3 - Year 3 Monitorin
ACTIVITY 2.2
2 g Officer
Formation of multi-stakeholder forming multi-stakeholder 6 meetings 6 meetings
project management committee committee, 5 committee
and Community monitoring meetings and de-monitoring
team

Milestone 1 Milestone 2 Milestone 3 Monitorin

ACTIVITY 2.3
g Officer
Development of Rules and Rules and Regulation enforcement, rule enforcement, rule &
regulation for hotels and development, demarcation and & regulation regulation
restaurant waste management publication Conflicts
among
stakeholders
Milestone 1 - Year 1 Milestone 2 - Year Milestone 3 - Year 3 Monitorin
ACTIVITY 2.4
2 g Officer
Establishment of artificial awareness creation, making 2 4 wetlands 4 wetlands
wetland (community waste wetlands
water treatment plants)

Milestone 1 - Year 1 Milestone 2 - Year Milestone 3 - Year 3

ACTIVITY 2.5
2
Preparation of a Community Recruitment of consultants and Preparing of the -
Action plan base line survey, workshop Community Action
Plan
 Activity Log (Contd..)
Milestone 1 - Year Milestone 2 - Year Milestone 3 - Monitori
OUTPUT 3 ACTIVITY 3.1 1 2 Year 3 Risks ng
Officer
To reduce/ Reforestation on Site selection, planting 50 ha maintaining 50 ha  Improper
minimize degraded forest Nusery for 50 ha plantation selection of site
sedimentation on areas planting & species may
coral reef Milestone 1 - Year Milestone 2 - Year Milestone 3 - lead to Monitori
ACTIVITY 3.2 1 2 Year 3 unsuccessful ng
reforestation Officer
Planting of grass 10 ha 10 ha 10 ha program
on eroded areas  Natural
Milestone 1 - Year Milestone 2 - Year Milestone 3 - calamities like Monitori
ACTIVITY 3.3 1 2 Year 3 flooding, may ng
cause the Officer
Construction of #3 #7 # 10 destruction of
check dams check-dam
 . Improper
selection of
planting time
may result in
failure
 price hiking
 Activities and Strategies
Outputs Activities Strategies
Output-1 Activity-1.1: Raising awareness  Awareness program and campaign
among resource users  publication or campaigning materials
To reduce  campaign events.
physical Activity-1.2: Promotion of Code of  Development and distribution of code of
damage conduct for snorkelers / divers conduct for the snorkelers and divers
on coral Activity-1.3: Reef cleanups for coral  Coral predator like Drupella, Crown-of Thorn
reef predators Starfish
 local community/volunteer groups and local
NGOs
Activity-1.4: Alternative Community-  two dive sites
managed dive site development for  Alternative dive sites with artificial coral reef
community livelihood  equipped with snorkeling and diving
instruments/devices and tour boats
 co-management committee
Activity-1.5: On site monitoring of  DMCR
tourist activities, water quality and  9 more stations
coral reef health (regulatory body is
DMCR)
 Activities and Strategies
(contd.)
Outputs Activities Strategies
Output-2: Activity-2.1: Awareness Campaign (3R implementation, use  Awareness program and campaign
of biodegradable plastic, discouraging Styrofoam and  publication or campaigning materials
To reduce
plastic bags)  campaign events
nutrient
Activity-2.2: Formation of multi-stakeholder project  Multi-stakeholder Project Management
loading and
management committee and Community monitoring team Committee
leaching into
 community-based monitoring team
the sea water
under the Puiyaiban
Activity-2.3: Development of Rules and regulation for hotels  Formulation of the rules and regulations
and restaurant waste management and their enforcement
 Municipality and CCME-KT
 DMCR will set the standards for waste
water disposal
Activity-2.4: Establishment of artificial wetland (community  local community
waste water treatment plants)  Certain cost of filtering materials like
gravels, nutrient harvesting plants
(Elephant grass, Vetiver grass etc.) will
be provided
Activity-2.5: Preparation of a Community Action plan  baseline survey , area mapping and site-
specific treatment plant design and
management proposal
 Activities and Strategies
(contd.)

Output-3 Activity-3.1: Reforestation on degraded  50 ha

forest areas  FD
To
 Local species
reduce/minimiz
Activity-3.2: Planting of grasses on eroded  eroded sites
e
areas  Under coconut plantations
sedimentation
 30 ha
on coral reef.
Activity-3.3: Construction of community 20 check dams
check dams
 Risk Mitigation Plan
Probable Risk Associated Associate Probable effect Mitigation plan
output d area

Natural Calamities Output-3 KT  Delay  Follow early warnings for field work
 Reshuffling of works.

Conflicts All outputs KT  Project activities  stakeholders and community

hampered relationship.
Improper selection of Output-3 KT Plantations failure and loss  Locally adapted and available tree
tree species and of project money. species selection and follow
improper selection of implementation plan
planting time
Lack of Security All outputs KT  Problem for field staff  good relationship with local
 Delay of activities government and law enforcement
agencies.
Secondary infestations Output -1 KT  Increase their  Clean-up before their spawning
from manual clean ups abundance season and avoid clean-up programs
of COTS in sunny day.
Change of political All outputs KT  Delay in scheduled  Good relationship with the
regime activities opposition political parties
Price hiking Output-3 KT  Difficulties to  Adequate contingency fund
(Labor/Logistics etc.) implement the project
budget plan
Loss of project staff All outputs KT  Difficulties in Project  Handsome salary and other facilities
Management for the project staffs
 Project Budget
Outputs Activities Costs Contribution
(USD)
Output-1 Act.-1.1: Raising awareness among resource users 11950
To reduce physical Act.-1.2: Promotion of Code of conduct for snorkelers / divers 5000
damage on coral
Act.-1.3: Reef cleanups for coral predators 2000 Community
reef
Act.-1.4: Alternative Community-managed dive site development for community livelihood 3630

Act.-1.5: On site monitoring of tourist activities, water quality and coral reef health (regulatory 3900 DMCR
body is DMCR)
Output-2
To reduce nutrient Act.-2.1: Awareness Campaign 11950
loading and leaching Act.-2.2: Formation of multi-stakeholder project management committee and Community
into the sea water monitoring team 2440

Act. 2.3: Development of Rules and regulation for hotels and restaurant waste 1450 Municipality

Act.-2.4: Establishment of artificial wetland (community waste water treatment plants) 2600 Community

Act. -2.5: Preparation of a Community Action plan 1200

Output-3
To reduce/minimize Act. -3.1: Reforestation on degraded forest areas 25000 FD
sedimentation on Act.-3.2: Planting of grasses on eroded areas 7500
coral reef.
Act. -3.3: Construction of community check dams 2000 Municipal.

Project Management 30700

Total Cost 89,070
THANK YOU!