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Instrument Landing System: Engr. Vicente Y. Buenconsejo, JR., MT

The Instrument Landing System (ILS) uses radio beams to guide aircraft during landing in low visibility conditions. It consists of a localizer for horizontal guidance, a glide slope for vertical descent guidance, and marker beacons. The localizer and glide slope transmit VHF signals to indicate the aircraft's position relative to the ideal approach path. Marker beacons transmit tones to indicate distances from the runway threshold. Together these components automate the landing process to ensure aircraft can land safely even in inclement weather.

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498 views28 pages

Instrument Landing System: Engr. Vicente Y. Buenconsejo, JR., MT

The Instrument Landing System (ILS) uses radio beams to guide aircraft during landing in low visibility conditions. It consists of a localizer for horizontal guidance, a glide slope for vertical descent guidance, and marker beacons. The localizer and glide slope transmit VHF signals to indicate the aircraft's position relative to the ideal approach path. Marker beacons transmit tones to indicate distances from the runway threshold. Together these components automate the landing process to ensure aircraft can land safely even in inclement weather.

Uploaded by

vicbuen76
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INSTRUMENT LANDING

SYSTEM

Engr. Vicente Y. Buenconsejo, Jr., MT


Area Head – ECE, College of Engineering
Colegio San Agustin-Bacolod

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Instrument Landing System

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Instrument Landing System

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History of IFR Landing
Procedures

• Until the mid-1950’s, only visual


landing procedures were possible
• 1958-First IFR landing system
developed
• 1966-First ILS system developed and
tested at Edwards AFB in Mojave, CA
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History of IFR Landing
Procedures

• 1968-First ILS applications


installed at major airports
• 1974-ILS systems mandated by
FAA for at least two major
runways at all Regional, and
International Airports.
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What It’s Used For

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What It’s Used For
• Aid aircraft to a runway touchdown
point in IFR conditions
• Aid larger aircraft (ex. Boeing 747,777)
to land on a designated runway
touchdown point(VFR, IFR)
• Allow for use of new Autoland systems!

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How does it work?
• VHF Frequency transmits
radar signal and intensity
data to ILS Signal
Deciphering and Display
Computer Localizer
signal transmitted in
direction opposite of
runway to horizontally
guide aircraft to
touchdown point
On-board ILS gauge from a
Boeing 747-400 aircraft
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How does it work?
• Glide-Slope signal
transmitted at an angle of
7.5-10 degrees into sky to
define vertical descent
path to runway
touchdown point
• On-board antenna system
located in aircraft radome
receives radar and VHF
signals and sends it to
On-board ILS gauge from a on-board ILS computer
Boeing 747-400 aircraft
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How does it work?

• Signal data is then


displayed on
instrument panel
gauge which maps
the directional, and
descent path to the
runway
On-board ILS gauge from a
Boeing 747-400 aircraft
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ILS
• Instrument Landing Systems (ILS) are
designed to guide an aircraft in its
final approach and landing.
• Three distinct subsystems are used:
– Localiser
– Glide Slope
– Markers.
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ILS Components
• Localizer –indicates alignment w/
runway
• Glide slope –indicates correct
descent path
• Outer Marker –Final Approach Fix
• Middle Marker –Missed Approach
Point
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Localizer
• Aids the pilot in lining his/her
aircraft in the up proper azimuth
approach to the runway.
• Consists of a group of transmitters
and antennas positioned at the far
end of the runway.

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Localizer
• The antenna radiation pattern has a
5o beamwidth, centered along the
runway.
• The VHF frequencies used for the
localizer are in the range 108.1 to
111.9 MHz. The useful range of the
system is about 40 km.
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Localizer Plan

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Glide Slope
• Aids the pilot in making his/her
approach at the proper elevation
angle to the runway.
• Consists of a group of transmitters
and antennas positioned beside
the runway.

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Glide Slope
• The antenna radiation pattern has a 1 o
beamwidth, and elevated about 2.5 o to
2.75o in the direction of approach.
• The VHF frequencies used for the glide
slope are in the range 329.3 to 335.0 MHz.
• The useful range of the system is about
40 km.

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Glide Slope

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VHF Glide Slope Antenna's

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Frequency Arrangement

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Glide Slope

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Glide Slope

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Marker Beacon

• Markers are transmitters that


radiate continuous narrow vertical
radio beams.
• The carrier frequency is 75 MHz
modulated by special tones.

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Marker Beacon Characteristics

Marker Distance to Modulated Audio


Pilot Alert
Beacon Threshold Frequency Keying

Glide Path
Outer 4 to 7 nm 400 Hz ----
Intercept
Category I
Middle Decision 3500 feet 1300 Hz .-.-
Height
Category II
Inner Decision 1000 feet 3000 Hz ....
Height

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END OF PRESENTATION

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