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Problem Solving: Algorithms and Flowcharts

Here is a pseudocode to find the smallest of 3 numbers: START Input number1, number2, number3 IF number1 < number2 AND number1 < number3 smallest = number1 ELSE IF number2 < number1 AND number2 < number3 smallest = number2 ELSE smallest = number3 END IF Print "The smallest number is:", smallest END This pseudocode takes in 3 numbers as input, then uses if-else conditional statements to check which number is the smallest and assigns it to the variable "smallest". Finally it prints the smallest number.

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syed abdullah
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163 views

Problem Solving: Algorithms and Flowcharts

Here is a pseudocode to find the smallest of 3 numbers: START Input number1, number2, number3 IF number1 < number2 AND number1 < number3 smallest = number1 ELSE IF number2 < number1 AND number2 < number3 smallest = number2 ELSE smallest = number3 END IF Print "The smallest number is:", smallest END This pseudocode takes in 3 numbers as input, then uses if-else conditional statements to check which number is the smallest and assigns it to the variable "smallest". Finally it prints the smallest number.

Uploaded by

syed abdullah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Problem Solving

ALGORITHMS AND FLOWCHARTS


Introduction - Algorithms
 We can consider algorithms to be practical
solutions to problems. These solutions are not
answers, but specific instructions for getting
answers.
Programming as a Problem Solving Process
A typical programming task can be divided into
two phases:
 Define and analyze the problem.
 What is the input & output?
 Develop an algorithm.
 What steps must be done?
 Implement a program.
 in programing languages
 Compile, test, and debug the program.
 Maintain the program.
 Use and modify the program if the problem domain
changes
Programming as a Problem Solving Process
A set of step-by-step instructions to accomplish a
task.
 An algorithm must have start instruction
 Each instruction must be precise/ to the point.
 Each instruction must be unambiguous.
 Each instruction must be executed in finite time.
 An algorithm must have stop instruction.
Representation of Algorithms
 As programs
 As flowcharts
 As pseudocodes

When an algorithm is represented in the form of a


programming language, it becomes a program

Thus, any program is an algorithm, although the


reverse is not true
Expressing Algorithms

 English description
More easily More
expressed  Pseudo-code precise
 High-level
programming language
PSEUDOCODE & ALGORITHM

• SEQUENTIAL LOGIC
STRUCTURE
• Sequential logic structure – we
ask the computer to process a set
of instructions in sequence from
the top to bottom of an algorithm
OR
• a sequence followed without
skipping any line
PSEUDOCODE & ALGORITHM
 Example 1: Write a sequential algorithm to prepare a
cup of tea.
PSEUDOCODE & ALGORITHM
Write algorithm for given problem:
You have a bottle of Pepsi and 7up. You have to swap the
liquid of bottle (i.e. in bottle of 7up you will have Pepsi and
in bottle of Pepsi you will have 7up).
PSEUDOCODE & ALGORITHM
 Example 3: Write an algorithm to convert the
length in feet to centimeter.

Algorithm:
 Input the length in feet (Lft)
 Calculate the length in cm (Lcm) by multiplying LFT
with 30
 Print length in cm (LCM)
EXAMPLE 3
Pseudocode
 Step 1: Start
 Step 2: Input Lft
 Step 3: Lcm = Lft x 30
 Step 4: Print Lcm
 Step 5: End
PSEUDOCODE & ALGORITHM
Write an pseudo code that displays five number with their
squares
PSEUDOCODE & ALGORITHM
Quadratic equation= ax2+bx+c=0
PSEUDOCODE & ALGORITHM
Write an pseudo code that input value of a, b and c from
the user and compute the value of x by using quadratic
equation.
DECISION STRUCTURES

Conditional/Decision programing – a structure which requires a


decision for any lines of code to be executed.

Y Is N
condition
true

Process 1 Process 2
Decision Structure: Pseudocode
 IF–THEN–ELSE STRUCTURE
 The structure is as follows:

IF condition is TRUE THEN


Process step(s) 1
ELSE
Process step(s) 2
END IF
IF–THEN–ELSE STRUCTURE
 The algorithm for the flowchart is as follows:

If A>B then
print A
else
Y N
print B is
A>B
endif

Print Print
Print
AA PrintBB
PSEUDOCODE & ALGORITHM
Read a number from user and check if it is even or not
PSEUDOCODE & ALGORITHM
Find smallest of 3 numbers

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