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Paraphrasing 1

The document discusses various strategies for comprehending written texts, including summarizing, paraphrasing, and directly quoting. It describes summarizing as determining the essential ideas of a text, such as the main idea and key information. Paraphrasing is restating a passage in one's own words, while directly quoting involves using the original language of the text. The document also covers annotation techniques, short-term and long-term memory, and reading strategies like SQ3R and KWL that help move information from short-term to long-term memory.

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Xieve A. Carillo
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98 views28 pages

Paraphrasing 1

The document discusses various strategies for comprehending written texts, including summarizing, paraphrasing, and directly quoting. It describes summarizing as determining the essential ideas of a text, such as the main idea and key information. Paraphrasing is restating a passage in one's own words, while directly quoting involves using the original language of the text. The document also covers annotation techniques, short-term and long-term memory, and reading strategies like SQ3R and KWL that help move information from short-term to long-term memory.

Uploaded by

Xieve A. Carillo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PARAPHRASING

AND
DIRECT QUOTING
Comparing
Summarizing,
Paraphrasing, and
Direct Quoting
EXAMPLES of
Summarizing,
Paraphrasing, and
Direct Quoting
ORIGINAL PASSAGE
WHAT IS SUMMARIZING?
Summarizing is often used to
determine the essential ideas in a
book , article , book chapter , an
article or parts of an article. These
essential ideas include the gist or
main idea , useful information, or
key words or phrases that help you
meet your reading a text.
SUMMARY
•Plagiarism can be defined as
using ideas, data , or any
relevant information of
another without giving proper
credit or acknowledgment(
Standler , 2012).
PARAPHRASE
According to Standler( 2012), plagiarism
can occur in small cases, which happens
when small parts of a passage are used
without enclosing them in quotation
marks and citing the author. It can also
occur in more grave situations. In these
instances, big chunks of the original text
are used. There are changes in the
format, but the original author is not
attributed to and the work is claimed as
the plagiarist’s own and submitted to
comply with academic requirements or
as a part of a material for publication.
DIRECT QUOTATION
Standler(2012) states that
plagiarism can be “quotation of
a sentence or two, without
quotation marks and without a
citation( e.g., footnote) to the
true author” (p.5)
When to use Paraphrasing ,
Summarizing and Direct Quoting
Guidelines in Paraphrasing
Guidelines for Direct Quoting
Example of Direct Quotation
However, when your direct quotation is
below 40 words, it should be presented
as part of the text. Check example
below.
To address economic issues,
Scheliz(2005)recommended that there is a need
to “(1.) enhance government’s strategy and
involve key sectors for a collective and
coordinated response to poverty; and (2.)
sustain efforts for economic and institutional
reforms” (pp. 80-81).
Ways to annotate a text:
 Underline or circle meanings or
definitions.
 Mark or highlight
relevant/essential parts of the
text.
Use the headings and transition
words to identify relationships in
the text.
Ways to annotate a text:
 Create a bank of unfamiliar or
technical words to be defined
later.
Use context clues to define
unfamiliar or technical words
Synthesize author’s arguments at
the end of chapter or section.
Ways to annotate a text:
 Determine the main idea of the
text.
Identify the evidence or
supporting arguments presented
by the author and check their
validity and relevance.
Identify the findings and note
the appropriateness of the
HOW DOES MEMORY WORK?

Human memory works on two different levels: short term memory and
long term memory.

Short term memory

This includes what you focus on in the moment, what holds your attention.
Most people can only hold about 7 items of information in short term
memory at any given moment, although some can hold up to nine.

Look at example A below. Then look away from your computer screen
and try to hold it in your short term memory.

A = 6593028

Most likely, you can hold it as long as you choose. Now follow the same
procedure with example B.

B = 573927450621

It's much more difficult, if not impossible, for most people.

Short term memory is exactly what the name says: short term. To learn
information so you can retain and recall it, you must transfer it from short
term to long term memory.

Long term memory

This includes all the information that you know and can recall. In many
ways, it becomes a part of you. Once information becomes a part of your
long term memory, you'll have access to it for a long time.

FROM SHORT TERM TO LONG TERM

How do you move information into long term memory? Two of the ways
are: rote learning and learning through understanding.
• Reflect on what you
learned.
• React on some parts of
the text through
writing.
AFTER • Discuss some parts with
your teacher or
READING classmates.
• Link the main idea of
the text to what you
already know.
SQ3R
•SURVEY
•QUESTION
•READ
•RECITE
•REVIEW
SQ3R • Skim the target text.

• Check the headings


and tables , diagrams

•SURVEY
, or figures presented
in the text

• Read the first few


and last sentences of
the text to determine
key information
• Get a feel of the text
SQ3R • Annotate the
headings with your
questions.

•Question
• Develop questions on
the types of
information you
expect from the text
SQ3R • Look for answers to
your questions as
you read the text.
• Stop and slow down
if the passage is not
•Read clear.
• Make sure to
proceed reading only
when you already
understand the
previous texts.
SQ3R • Recount the main
points of the text
• Recall by writing a
summary or
synthesis based on
•Recite what you understand
of the text.
• Highlight or
underline the
important points you
read.
SQ3R • After finishing the text
, go back and re-read
the questions you
wrote and see if you
can answer them; if
not, refresh your
•Review memory.

• Evaluate what you


learned to ensure that
you are convinced and
satisfied with the
information presented
in the text.
K.W.L.
• The KWL
• WHAT I
method guides
[K]now
you in reading
• WHAT I [W]ant and
TO LEARN understanding
• WHAT I HAVE a text.
[L]earned

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