Program Development: CC 11 - Lecture 1

Program
Development
CC 11 | LECTURE 1
COLLEGE OF COMPUTER STUDIES

Objectives
1. Describe the System Development Life Cycle
2. Describe the Program Development Cycle
3. Compare Various Programming Languages
2
Describe the System
Development Life Cycle
3
Getting from Idea to Product
System Development Life Cycle
• Also called waterfall approach
• Each phase must be completed in order for the next phase to
begin
• This method is rigid
• Process begins with request for new system or replacement for
old one
4
Getting from
Idea to
Product
System
Developmen
t Life Cycle
5
• Planning Phase of the SDLC
o Project team
• Stakeholders, software developers, and a project manager (PM)
o Feasibility study
• Economic
• Technical
• Operational
• Political
6
• Analysis Phase of the SDLC
o Data flow diagrams (DFD)
• Shows the flow of data through the

current system
• Highlights the system’s deficiencies
o Requirements analysis
• Result is a system specification report
o System specification report
• A logical model of the new system

7
• Design Phase of the SDLC
o Select a solution that meets
the requirements
o Cost-effective options
o Design of system begins
o Application specifications written if
system will be built instead of
purchased
8
• Implementation and Testing Phase of the SDLC
o Programmers use designs and specifications to create the system
o Programs written in modules
• Unit testing
• Integration or link testing
• Volume testing
• Acceptance testing
• User training takes place
o User training and installation occurs
9
• Maintenance Phase of the SDLC
o System may change or be updated
o Security holes and bugs fixed
o New features added
o Retraining as needed
o Documentation updated
o Day-to-day operational maintenance
• Monitoring performance
• Installing updates and patches
• Creating and restoring backups
10
Describe the
Program
Development
Cycle
11
Coding the System
Program Development Cycle
• Defining the Problem
o What data will be provided (input)?
o What will the program do (processing and output)?
• Designing the Solution

o Algorithm
• Set of steps to solve

problem
• Each step performs

a single task
12
Coding the System
• Flowchart
o Graphic view of algorithm
• Arrows to show direction
• Other symbols to show actions

and data
• Control structures
Show logic and flow of data

processing
13
Coding the System
• Pseudocode
o Steps of an algorithm
• More detail
• English-like statements
• Focus on logic, not syntax
• Contains control structures
• Not executable
14
Coding the System
• Coding
o Converting algorithm into instructions computer can understand
o Considerations:
• Type of task
• Platform
• Expertise of the programmer
o Choosing the right language
• Procedural programming
• Object-oriented programming
• Syntax rules – the correct construction of commands in a language
15
Coding the System
 Debugging - The Process of Detecting and Fixing Errors
Syntax Error
• Error in way code is written
• Typo, missing parameter,
incorrect use of symbols
• Easy to spot by reviewing line
by line
• Will prevent program from
running
16
Coding the System
Debugging - The Process of Detecting and Fixing
Errors
Logic Error
• Error in programming logic
• Results in unexpected outcome
• More difficult to detect
• Does not prevent a program from running
17
Coding the System
Debugging - The Process of Detecting and Fixing

Errors
Runtime Error
• Occurs when program is running and something entered
causes it to crash
• Memory issues are common cause of runtime errors
18
Coding the System
• Testing and Documentation
o Beta testing
• Testing done under actual

working conditions
o Documentation
• Created throughout programming cycle
• For users
• For programmers
19
Compare
Various
Programming
Languages
20
Tools of the Trade
Programming Languages
 Low Level
First-generation (1GL)
• Machine language
• Written in binary
Second-generation (2GL)
• Assembly language
• Closer to what humans speak
21
Tools of the Trade
Programming Languages
 High-level
Third-generation (3GL)
• Procedural and object oriented languages
• Requires considerable amount of programming knowledge
• Compiler converts code into machine language
Fourth-generation (4GL)
• Closer to natural language than 3GL
 Fifth-generation (5GL)
• Primarily used in artificial intelligence applications 22
Tools of the Trade
Programming Tools
• Software development kit (SDK)
 A bundle of libraries and tools for a particular platform
• Integrated development environment (IDE)

 Complete system for developing software
• Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)
 Online programming environment
 Develop and test applications
 Deploy custom applications
23
QUESTIONS?
Thank You!
To God Be All The Glory!
24

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Program

COLLEGE OF COMPUTER STUDIES

• Stakeholders, software developers, and a project manager (PM)

• Shows the flow of data through the

• Highlights the system’s deficiencies

• Result is a system specification report

o System specification report

• A logical model of the new system

o What will the program do (processing and output)?

• Designing the Solution

• Set of steps to solve

• Each step performs

• Arrows to show direction

• Other symbols to show actions

Show logic and flow of data

Debugging - The Process of Detecting and Fixing

• Testing done under actual

• Created throughout programming cycle

• Integrated development environment (IDE)

 Develop and test applications

 Deploy custom applications

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