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    Cooling Water Systems IN: Hydro Power Plants

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    jhaamit4
    1. Cooling water systems in hydro power plants use various arrangements to cool generators, bearings, transformers and other equipment. Heat is transferred from hot components to the cooling medium, usually air or oil initially and then water. 2. Common cooling arrangements include generator air coolers, bearing coolers, and transformer coolers. Generator air coolers use fans to force air through coolers to transfer heat from the generator to cooling water. Bearing coolers similarly use oil instead of air to transfer heat to water. 3. Cooling systems can use open or closed loops. Open loops draw water from a source like a river, while closed loops recirculate the same water through a cooling tower. Pro

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    Cooling Water Systems IN: Hydro Power Plants

    Uploaded by

    jhaamit4
    357 views71 pages
    1. Cooling water systems in hydro power plants use various arrangements to cool generators, bearings, transformers and other equipment. Heat is transferred from hot components to the cooling medium, usually air or oil initially and then water. 2. Common cooling arrangements include generator air coolers, bearing coolers, and transformer coolers. Generator air coolers use fans to force air through coolers to transfer heat from the generator to cooling water. Bearing coolers similarly use oil instead of air to transfer heat to water. 3. Cooling systems can use open or closed loops. Open loops draw water from a source like a river, while closed loops recirculate the same water through a cooling tower. Pro

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    1. Cooling water systems in hydro power plants use various arrangements to cool generators, bearings, transformers and other equipment. Heat is transferred from hot components to the cooling medium, usually air or oil initially and then water. 2. Common cooling arrangements include generator air coolers, bearing coolers, and transformer coolers. Generator air coolers use fans to force air through coolers to transfer heat from the generator to cooling water. Bearing coolers similarly use oil instead of air to transfer heat to water. 3. Cooling systems can use open or closed loops. Open loops draw water from a source like a river, while closed loops recirculate the same water through a cooling tower. Pro

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    357 views71 pages

    Cooling Water Systems IN: Hydro Power Plants

    Uploaded by

    jhaamit4
    1. Cooling water systems in hydro power plants use various arrangements to cool generators, bearings, transformers and other equipment. Heat is transferred from hot components to the cooling medium, usually air or oil initially and then water. 2. Common cooling arrangements include generator air coolers, bearing coolers, and transformer coolers. Generator air coolers use fans to force air through coolers to transfer heat from the generator to cooling water. Bearing coolers similarly use oil instead of air to transfer heat to water. 3. Cooling systems can use open or closed loops. Open loops draw water from a source like a river, while closed loops recirculate the same water through a cooling tower. Pro

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 71

    COOLING WATER SYSTEMS

    IN
    HYDRO POWER PLANTS
    by

    Amit Jha
    Engineer(Mechanical)
    E&M 1
    Requirement
    • For Cooling the machines

    •Why?
    Necessity of Cooling System
    - Relative motion between two parts / mediums
    generates heat due to frictional losses.
    - Similarly electric current flowing in a
    conducting medium/ material, generates heat
    due to resistive (I2R) losses.
    - Unless heat so generated is effectively removed
    from the affected parts/ medium, temperature
    of these parts/ medium may rise beyond
    permissible limits.
    - Hence the necessity of having proper cooling
    arrangements which essentially involves
    transfer of heat from the affected component
    to a cooling medium which could be gaseous,
    liquid or solid form.
    3
    Optimizing Cooling Requirements /
    Arrangements

    Cooling Process has to be tackled in following


    three distinct stages:

     Minimization of Losses,
     Using Materials which can withstand higher
    temperatures ‘
     Deploying effective and efficient cooling
    arrangements.

    4
    Minimization of Losses
     Increase generation Voltage to reduce current (I).
     As current (I) is a constant parameter for a specified MW rating
    and generation Voltage, Resistance (R) can be reduced to lessen
    heat losses.
    For this purpose, multiple conductors having very low specific
    resistance per phase are used, to enhance the current carrying
    capacity. Standards specify limiting Current Density (A/mm 2 ) for
    conductors.
     Superconductivity is a phenomenon occurring in certain materials
    at extremely low temperatures, characterized by exactly zero
    electrical resistance and the exclusion of the interior magnetic
    field. The use of such superconducting materials as conductors in
    machines would result large savings in size of equipment, amount
    of conductor use, heating losses and energy required for cooling.
    5
     The Iron Losses in the Generator Stator and Rotor Core
    is reduced by selecting material with low reluctance.
    The eddy currents formed by the changing magnetic flux
    in the core is also minimized by fabricating the core with
    stampings coated with insulating varnish etc.
    One of the commonly used material for stampings is
    Silicon Steel
     The Bearing Surface is made of Babbit, a lining with very
    low coefficient of Friction (µ). Lower µ results in lower
    frictional losses, and therefore requires less cooling.

     PTFE (Poly tetra flouro ethylene), commonly known as


    teflon, has been selected in countries like China and
    Russia for bearing surface.

    6
    • Magnetic reluctance, or magnetic resistance, is a
    concept used in the analysis of magnetic circuits. It
    is analogous to resistance in an electrical circuit, but
    rather than dissipating magnetic energy it stores
    magnetic energy. In likeness to the way an electric
    field causes an electric current to follow the path of
    least resistance, a magnetic field causes magnetic
    flux to follow the path of least magnetic reluctance.
    It is a scalar, extensive quantity, akin to electrical
    resistance.
    Selection of Right Materials

    Insulating Material - Materials which withstand


    higher temperatures are selected for insulation.
    Class F insulation is normally used in the Stator
    Windings.

    Bearing Material - PTFE (Poly tetra flouro


    ethylene), commonly known as teflon has been
    selected in countries like China and Russia for
    bearing surface.

    8
    Effective Cooling Arrangements

    The heat is generated in the components even


    after using optimized design, proper material
    selection and manufacturing. The same is
    required to be transferred effectively and
    efficiently from the affected Components to the
    Cooling medium to ensure safe operation of the
    Plant.
    For this purpose, various cooling arrangements
    for such components have been adopted.

    9
    Principle of Operation of Cooling
    Arrangements
    - Work on the Principle of heat transfer by maintaining
    appropriate temperature gradient between the affected
    (hot) component and the cooling medium.

    - In Hydro-Stations primary cooling medium could be air,


    oil, water etc. As of now air and oil are primary cooling
    medium which in turn are cooled by water.

    - The arrangements for maintaining various components


    within safe working temperatures constitute Cooling
    Water System.

    10
    Cooling in Generators

    Source of Heat Generation in Electric Generators are:

    - Winding (Stator and Rotor)

    - Bearings (Thrust and Guide)

    - Iron Losses (Generator Transformer)

    - Resistance to Air Flow in the Generator ( Windage


    Losses)

    11
    12
    • The equipments which requires cooling water
    flow in power house are ………..

    ?
    1.Generator Air Cooler
    a) What is this ?
    b) How it works?
    c) Where it is installed?
    d) What is its working principle?
    Working of air cooler
    FF-Fan
    BB-Circular Guide
    U- Top Bracket
    C- Coolers
    E-Stator Winding
    S- Opening in Side Plates
    A-Casing
    M-Circular Plate
    Working principle
    • It takes heat from generator Rotor & Transfer it to water
    through pipes or fins sometimes.
    • The pumping action of air is done through movement of rotor
    which has inbuilt blades.
    • This air is forced towards cooler where heat transfer goes on .
    • The pumping of water is done through pump or some time
    directly taken from penstock.
    • The area of pipes is increased through fins.

    • How?
    Types of Water Cooling Schemes
    COOLING
    WATER
    SCHEME

    Open loop Closed loop


    Scheme Scheme

    32
    Open Loop Cooling Water Scheme

    33
    Cooling water system in Sainj HEP

    34
    Closed Loop Cooling Water Scheme

    35
    Cooling water system in Malana II HEP

    36
    Cooling water Pump in Malana II HEP

    37
    2.Generator Thrust Bearing Cooler
    a) What is this ?
    b) How it works?
    c) Where it is installed?
    d) What is its working principle?
    Bearing Cooler
    Working
    • The working of cooler is same as that of air
    cooler.
    • Only Difference is that the two medium in air
    cooler is water takes the heat to sink and air
    which takes the heat from m/c & transfer it to
    water through cooler pipes.
    • Here the work of air is replaced by oil.
    • The pumping of water is like cooler being
    done through the same pump.
    • The pumping of oil is being done either by
    separate pump or by self pumping.

    •SELF PUMPING ???


    Malana II Complete Rotor
    Upper Guide Bearing
    Lower Guide Bearing
    Malana II Thrust Bearing
    Cooling of bearings
    • The pressure of water inside the tubes is of course higher
    than that of the oil in the bearing pot so that any leak in the
    tubes will permit water to flow into the oil.
    • This addition of water to the oil may, if the amount is
    appreciable, lead to rapid failure of the thrust bearing.
    • This danger is avoided by a rather more expensive
    arrangement. In this, a single heat exchanger is installed on
    the machine pit floor and consists of a rectangular box,
    containing a nest of tubes, through which cooling water is
    circulated.
    • Hot oil from the bearing pot is pumped through the nest of
    tubes and then returned to the bearing pot. The pump is driven
    by an AC motor supplied from the station bus bars and in case
    of failure of the supply the pump drive is automatically
    switched over to a DC motor, fed from the station battery.

    • Since here the oil in the tubes is at a higher pressure than


    that of the cooling water, a leak in the tubes would simply
    result in oil being mixed with the cooling water with no
    adverse results except a slow draining of oil from the
    bearing pot which would be signalled by the oil level
    indicator.

    • The pumping action can be self pumping also.


    3.Generator Guide Bearing Cooler
    4.Turbine Guide Bearing Cooler

    a) What is this ?
    b) How it works?
    c) Where it is installed?
    d) What is its working principle?
    Turbine Guide Bearing
    Working Principle
    • Same as in Thrust Bearing
    5.Transformer Cooler
    a) What is this ?
    b) How it works?
    c) Where it is installed?
    d) What is its working principle?
    Transformer
    Instrumentation
    1. Pressure Gauge/Transmitter/Switch
    2. Flow Indicator/Transmitter/Switch
    Equipments
    1. Pump
    2. Cyclone Separator
    3. Duplex strainer
    4. Cyclone separator
    5. Pressure Reducer
    6. Motorised/manual valve
    7. Level /float Switch
    8. Non return valve
    Submersible pump
    Pressure Reducer

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