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Chess History

The document discusses synthetic division, which is a method for dividing polynomials. It can only be used when dividing by a linear polynomial (polynomial of degree 1). The steps of synthetic division involve writing the coefficients of the dividend in a column, then repeatedly multiplying the divisor term and adding. This yields the coefficients of the quotient polynomial. Any remaining term is the remainder. Synthetic division can be used to find the roots of a polynomial by finding values that result in a remainder of 0. These roots can then be used to rewrite the original polynomial as a product of linear factors.

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Janseen Datuin Junio
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40 views29 pages

Chess History

The document discusses synthetic division, which is a method for dividing polynomials. It can only be used when dividing by a linear polynomial (polynomial of degree 1). The steps of synthetic division involve writing the coefficients of the dividend in a column, then repeatedly multiplying the divisor term and adding. This yields the coefficients of the quotient polynomial. Any remaining term is the remainder. Synthetic division can be used to find the roots of a polynomial by finding values that result in a remainder of 0. These roots can then be used to rewrite the original polynomial as a product of linear factors.

Uploaded by

Janseen Datuin Junio
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Synthetic Division

1 March 2011
Synthetic Division
 A trick for dividing polynomials
 Helps us solve for the roots of polynomials
 Only works when we divide by 1st degree
(linear) polynomials

(3x  8x  11x  1)  ( x  2)
4 2

My degree can’t be larger than 1!


Synthetic Division

(3x  8x  11x  1)  ( x  2)
4 2

(2 x  5x  11)  ( x  4 x  2)
4 2
Your Turn
 On the Synthetic Division – Guided Notes
handout, complete problems 1 – 5. You will:
 Decide if it’s possible to use synthetic division to
divide the two polynomials
Division Vocab Review

( x  5x  6)  ( x  3)  x  2
2

Dividend Divisor Quotient


Preparing for Synthetic
Division
 Can only be used when the divisor is in the
form
x–c
 If the divisor isn’t in the form x – c, then you
must convert the expression to include
subtraction.
Preparing for Synthetic
Division, cont.

x 5 x  11
x  11  x  (11)
Preparing for Synthetic
Division, cont.
 Polynomials need to be written in expanded,
standard polynomial form.
 Translation: If you’re missing terms, then you
need to write them out as 0 times (*) the variable.
Preparing for Synthetic
Division, cont.

3x  7 x  2 x
5 3

3x   7 x   2 x 
5 3

3x  0 x  7 x  0 x  2 x  0
5 4 3 2
Your Turn
 On Synthetic Division - Guided Notes handout,
write the dividend in expanded standard
polynomial form for problems 6 – 10.
 Write the divisor in the form x – c.

(8 x  2 x)  ( x  2)
3

(8 x  0 x  2 x  0)  ( x  (2))
3 2
*Synthetic Division Steps
 Example Problem:

(3x  8x  11x  1)  ( x  2)
4 2
Prep Step
 Divisor x – c?
 x–2
 Dividend in Expanded Standard Polynomial
Form?
 3x4 – 8x2 – 11x + 1
 3x4 + – 8x2 – 11x + 1
 3x4 + 0x3 – 8x2 – 11x + 1
Step 1
2

Write the constant value of the divisor (c) here.


Step 2
2 3 0 -8 -11 1

Write all the coefficients of the expanded


dividend here.
Step 3
2 3 0 -8 -11 1

3
“Drop” the 1st coefficient underneath the line.
Step 4
2 3 0 -8 -11 1
6
3
Multiply “c” by the last value underneath the line.
Write their product just underneath the next
coefficient.
Step 5
2 3 0 -8 -11 1
6
3 6
Add together the numbers in that column and
write their sum underneath the line.
Step 6
2 3 0 -8 -11 1
6 12
3 6
Multiply “c” by the last value underneath the line.
Write their product just underneath the next
coefficient.
Step 7
2 3 0 -8 -11 1
6 12 8 -6
3 6 4 -3 -5
Repeat steps 5 and 6 until a number appears in
the box underneath the last column.
Step 8 – Naming the Quotient
2 3 0 -8 -11 1
6 12 8 -6
3 6 4 -3 -5
In the last row are the coefficients of the quotient
in decreasing order. The quotient is one degree
less than the dividend.
Step 8 – Naming the Quotient
3 6 4 -3 -5

The number in the box is the remainder.

(3x  8x  11x  1)  ( x  2) 
4 2

3x 3 + 6x 2 + 4x – 3 Remainder -5
Your Turn
 On the Synthetic Division – Guided Notes
handout, solve for the quotient of problems
11 – 14 using synthetic division
Synthetic Division and the
Factor Theorem
 Conclusions:
Your Turn:
 Using problems 1 – 12 on the Synthetic
Division Practice handout (last night’s hmwk),
identify which problems represent division by
a factor/root and which problems represent
division by NOT a factor root.
So What’s Next?
( x  7 x  6)  ( x  2)
3

* To get the
remaining roots, x  2x  3
2
set the expression
equal to 0, factor,
and solve.
Your Turn:
 On the Synthetic Division Practice handout,
solve for the remaining roots for problems
1 – 4 and 10 – 12
Rewriting the Original
Polynomial
 We can use the roots and linear factors to
rewrite the polynomial
 This form is called the product of linear
factors
 If you multiplied all the linear factors together,
then you’d get the original polynomial
Reminder: Roots vs. Linear
Factors
f ( x )  x  2x  3
2

0  x  2x  3
2 Linear
Factors
0  ( x  3)(x  1)
0  x 3 0  x 1
3 x 1  x
Roots
Product of Linear Factors
 Product = Multiply f ( x )  x  2x  3
2

 Product of linear factors =


Multiply all the linear 0  x  2x  3
2

factors 0  ( x  3)(x  1)
 Translation: Rewrite all
0  x 3 0  x 1
the linear factors with
parentheses around 3 x 1  x
each factor
Product of Linear
 Helpful format for Factors
graphing polynomials

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