Report About Motherboard and Cpu

CENTRAL PROCESSING
UNIT AND
MOTHERBOARD
Report of group 2; Nino,

Ghlaizy, Deanielle, Lance &
Jeff
CPU
Stands for "Central Processing Unit." The CPU is
the primary component of a computer that
processes instructions. A central processing
unit (CPU), also called a central processor or main
processor, is the electronic circuitry within a
computer that carries out the instructions of a
computer program by performing the
basic arithmetic, logic, controlling,
and input/output (I/O) operations specified by the
instructions.
HISTORY OF CPU
 Four decades ago today — November 15, 1971 — Intel
placed an advertisement for the first single -chip CPU,
the Intel 4004 the 4004 was a 4-bit, 16-pin
microprocessor that operated at a mighty 740KHz — and
at roughly eight clock cycles per instruction cycle (fetch,
decode, execute), that means the chip was capable of
executing up to 92,600 instructions per second. The chip
design started in April 1970 , when Federico Faggin
joined Intel, and was completed under his leadership in
January 1971. The first commercial sale of the fully
operational 4004 occurred in March 1971 to Busicom
Corp. of Japan for which it was originally designed and
built as a custom chip.
The 4004 was the first
commercially available
computer processor designed
and manufactured by chip
maker Intel, which had
previously made semiconductor
memory chips. The chief
designers of the chip were
Federico Faggin, the leader of
the project after the
architectural definition was
finalized with Busicom, who
created the design methodology
and the silicon-based chip
design; Ted Hoff who formulated
the architecture, both of Intel,
and Masatoshi Shima of
Busicom who assisted in the
development.
TYPES OF CPU
 Single Core CPUs :

Single core CPUs are the oldest type of computer CPU
available and initially this was the only type of CPU that could be
used in computers. Single core CPUs can only start one operation
at a time, so they were not very good at multi -tasking. This meant
that there were noticeable decreases in performance whenever
more than one application was running.
 Dual Core CPUs :

A dual core CPU is a single CPU that has two cores and
thus functions like two CPUs in one. Unlike single core CPUS
where the processor had to switch back and forth between
different sets of data streams if more than one operation was
running, dual core CPUs can handle multitasking much more
efficiently.
 Quad Core CPUs :
Quad Core CPUs are a further refinement of the multi -core
CPU design and features four cores on a single CPU. Just as dual
core CPUs could split the workload between two cores, quad
cores allows for even greater multitasking. These types of CPUs
are useful for people that need to run a lot of different programs
at the same time as well as gamers, as there are games like the
Supreme Commander series that are optimized for multi -core
CPUs.
THE FIRST MOTHERBOARD
The first motherboard, originally called

a "planar," was used in the IBM
Personal Computer. The AT, or Full AT,
motherboard form factor was
introduced by IBM in August 1984. ...
The LPX motherboard form factor was
developed by Western Digital in 1987.
It holds and allows communication
between many of the crucial electronic
components of a system, such as the
central processing unit (CPU) and
memory, and provides connectors for
other peripherals.
The motherboard serves as a single platform to connect all of the
parts of a computer together. It connects the CPU, memory, hard
drives, optical drives, video card, sound card, and other ports and
expansion cards directly or via cables. It can be considered as the
backbone of a computer.
Features of Motherboard
A motherboard comes with following features −
Motherboard varies greatly in supporting various types of

components.
Motherboard supports a single type of CPU and few types of

memories.
Video cards, hard disks, sound cards have to be compatible

with the motherboard to function properly.
Motherboards, cases, and power supplies must be compatible to

work properly together.
History of Motherboards
Before the invention of microprocessors, computers were built into mainframes
with components which were connected by a backplane that had countless slots
for connecting wires. In old designs, wires were needed to connect card
connector pins but they soon became a thing of the past with the invention of
PCBs. The CPU, memory and other peripherals were all housed on this printed
circuit board. During the late 1980s and 1990s, it was found that an increasing
number of peripheral functions on the PCB were more economical. Hence,
single Integrated Circuits (ICs) capable of supporting low-speed peripherals like
serial ports, mouse, keyboards, etc., were included on a motherboard. By the
late 1990s, they began to have a multifaceted platform integrated with audio,
video, storage and networking functions. Higher end systems for 3D gaming and
graphic cards were also included later.
CMOS battery - Computer Definition. A battery that maintains the time, date, hard disk
and other configuration settings in the CMOS memory. CMOS batteries are small and
are attached directly to the motherboard. See BIOS setup and batteries
The processor socket (also called a CPU socket) is the connector on the motherboard
that houses a CPU and forms the electrical interface and contact with the
CPU.Processor sockets use a pin grid array (PGA) where pins on the underside of the
processorconnect to holes in the processor socket..
HSF. Stands for "Heat Sink and Fan." Nearly all computers have heat sinks, which help
keep the CPU cool and prevent it from overheating. But sometimes the heat sink itself
can become too hot. ... Therefore, a fan is often used in combination with the heat sink
to keep both the CPU and heat sink at an acceptable temperature ...
An ATX style connector is a replacement for the older P8 and P9 AT style connector. It
is one of the largestconnectors inside a computer. ... A power supply with a 24-pin
connector can be used on a motherboard with a 20-pin connector by leaving the four
additional pinsdisconnected.
A memory slot, memory socket, or RAM slot is what allows RAM (computer memory) to
be inserted into the computer. Depending on the motherboard, there may be two to four
memory slots (sometimes more on high-end motherboards) and are what determine the
type of RAMused with the computer.
What is the IDE connector?
IDE, an acronym for Integrated Drive Electronics, is a standard type of connection for
storage devices in a computer. Generally, IDE refers to the types of cables and ports
used to connect some hard drives and optical drives to each other and to the
motherboard.Dec 27, 2018
A northbridge or host bridge is one of the two chips in the core logic chipset
architecture on a PC motherboard, the other being the southbridge. Unlike the
southbridge, northbridge is connected directly to the CPU via the front-side bus (FSB)
and is thus responsible for tasks that require the highest performance.
The southbridge is one of the two chips in the core logic chipset on a personal
computer (PC) motherboard, the other being the northbridge. The southbridge typically
implements the slower capabilities of the motherboard in a northbridge/southbridge
chipset computer architecture.
The main difference between northbridge and southbridge is that the northbridge is a
chip in the chipset of a motherboard that directly connects to the CPU while the
southbridge is a chip in the chipset of a motherboard that does not directly connects to
the CPU. ... A motherboard consists of a chipset.

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CENTRAL PROCESSING

Report of group 2; Nino,

 Single Core CPUs :

 Dual Core CPUs :

The first motherboard, originally called

Motherboard varies greatly in supporting various types of

Motherboard supports a single type of CPU and few types of

Video cards, hard disks, sound cards have to be compatible

Motherboards, cases, and power supplies must be compatible to

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