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Optical Characteristics of Ophthalmic Lenses: Noeh O. Fernandez JR., OD, Mats

The new spherical power will be +10.5 D and the induced cylinder power will be +0.5 DC x 90

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105 views17 pages

Optical Characteristics of Ophthalmic Lenses: Noeh O. Fernandez JR., OD, Mats

The new spherical power will be +10.5 D and the induced cylinder power will be +0.5 DC x 90

Uploaded by

DeitherAlforque
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Optical Characteristics

of Ophthalmic lenses
Noeh O. Fernandez Jr., OD,
MATS
Basic Terminology
 Optic Axis of the
lens – imaginary
line connecting the
centers of
curvature of the
two surfaces of the
lens, which is also
normal to both of
the surfaces
 Optical Center – used in geometrical
optics in connection with spherical lenses
to designate the point on the optic axis
intersected by the path of a ray of light
between the two surfaces that, after
refraction by the second surface, is
parallel to its path before incidence at the
first surface.
 For the bi-convex and bi-concave lenses
the optical center shown falls within the
lens
 For bent lenses the optical center falls
outside the lenses
Optical Centers of a lens
Where:
A1 = the front vertex of the lens
O = optical center
d = lens thickness
r1 & r2 = radii of front and back surface
F1 & F2 = refracting power of front and back surface
Example
If we have a lens in which the front
surface power and back surface
power is +4.00 D having a thickness
of 4 mm, then where will the optical
center be located?
 If the front surface power is +4.00 D
and the back surface power is plano
with thickness 4 mm, where will the
optical center be located?
 If a front surface power is +9.00 d
ad the back surface power is -5.00
D, with thickness of 4 mm, where
will the optical center be located

Note: minus sign indicates that the optical center is found anterior to the
front surface of the lens. Plus sign indicates that the optical center is found
posterior to the back surface of a lens
Vertices or Poles
 The points on the front and back
surface of a lens that are penetrated
by the optic axis
 it is a common, although incorrect,
practice to use the term optical
center, rather than the term pole or
vertex, when referring to the point
on the lens penetrated by the optical
axis
The Spherical Equivalent
 The average (or nominal) spherical power
of a cylindrical or sphero-cylindrical lens.
 Determined, for a sphero-cylindrical lens,
by algebraically combining one-half the
cylindrical power with the spherical power

 The spherical equivalent is represented by


the dioptric value of the circle of least
confusion
Example
 Which of the following lens formulas
has the most overall power?

a. +2.00 DS = - 1.00 DC x 180


b. + 3.00 DS = - 2.00 DC x 180
Practical use of SE
 When, for one reason or the other, a
practitioner decides to ignore or to
reduce the cylindrical component of
the patient’s refraction, and
prescribes the spherical equivalent
as a way to position the circle of
least confusion on the retina
Astigmatism from Lens Tilt
(Pantoscopic)
Pantoscopic
tilting – tilting
of the lens
inward towards
the
cheekbone)
Effects of pantoscopic tilting
 The spherical refraction introduced
by the lens increases in power
 The cylinder that is generated has
the same sign as that of the original
sphere
 The axis of the resulting cylinder is
parallel to the axis of rotation of the
lens
Where:
S’ = the power of new sphere
So = the power of original sphere
a = the angle of obliquity
Example
 For a +10.00 D spherical lens
tilted15 degrees around the
horizontal axis, what will be the the
new spherical power as well as the
induced cylinder power?

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