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Internet Concepts: Network World Wide Web Protocols

The document provides an overview of key concepts related to computer networks and the Internet. It defines what a network is and describes how computers connect via hardware and communicate via software protocols. It explains the client-server model and some common Internet protocols like TCP/IP, HTTP, and SMTP. TCP/IP is summarized as using IP for packet delivery and TCP to ensure reliable transmission of data between clients and servers. The document also distinguishes between local and wide area networks and describes the role of the Internet as a worldwide network and the World Wide Web for information search.

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Jane Moraca
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96 views18 pages

Internet Concepts: Network World Wide Web Protocols

The document provides an overview of key concepts related to computer networks and the Internet. It defines what a network is and describes how computers connect via hardware and communicate via software protocols. It explains the client-server model and some common Internet protocols like TCP/IP, HTTP, and SMTP. TCP/IP is summarized as using IP for packet delivery and TCP to ensure reliable transmission of data between clients and servers. The document also distinguishes between local and wide area networks and describes the role of the Internet as a worldwide network and the World Wide Web for information search.

Uploaded by

Jane Moraca
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Internet Concepts

Network
The Internet
World Wide Web
Client-Server Model
Protocols
TCP/IP
Network
 Group of two or more devices, that are
able to communicate with one another

Computer Networks
Computer Networks
 The computers in a network are
connected via hardware and software
 Hardware
◦ Physically connects the computers together
◦ Telephone lines, fiber-optic cables, routers and
gateways, and the computers themselves
 Software
◦ Enables communication and exchange of information,
by following a set of rules, called protocols.
Why use computer Networks?
 Interoperability
◦ Different types of computers, using different
operating systems, can be connected, communicate
with each other, and share information
◦ Computers must agree to follow the same network
protocols
 Resource sharing
◦ Share data, programs, and equipment
◦ Across geographic boundaries
 Communications
◦ Cooperation between dispersed groups
Why use computer Networks?
 Improved Reliability
◦ Replication of files and resources allowing operation
to continue despite hardware failures
 Cost Efficiency
◦ Small computers have a better price/performance
ratio than large ones
 Scalability
◦ Add more computers to the network as required
 Decentralized Data Processing
Why use computer Networks?
 Centralized Data Processing
 Implementation of uniform security
measures
 Electronic Commerce
 Implementation of enterprise application
system
Local Area Network (LAN)
 A network of small computers
 Can be as small as just one shared office
or as large as a whole city
Wide Area Network (WAN)
 made up of a number of autonomous
computers distributed over a wide
geographical area.
The Internet
 A network of networks
 A collection of WAN’s and LAN’s that
have been connected up at a national and
international level.
 Millions of users
 Most open network in the world
 Socially unstratified
World Wide Web
 Based on a technology called Hypertext
(Ted Nelson, 1969), Hypermedia now
 Fast and powerful process of information
search.
Client-Server Model
 A distributed system with a server and
one or more clients.
 A network connection is only made when
information needs to be accessed.
 Internet applications have used client-
server model:
◦ FTP, e-mail, web
Client-Server Model
 Client:
◦ requests services or information from sever
computer
 Server:
◦ Responds by sending the requested information back
to the client computer
Protocols
 Sets of rules and procedures to control
the data transmission between computers
and other devices.
 Only devices using the same protocol can
communicate directly.
 A protocol describes:
◦ The format that a message must take
◦ The way in which computers must exchange a
message
Internet Protocols
 Some of the protocols used in the
Internet:
◦ TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) –
permits the computer to communicate with any
other computer regardless of the platform
◦ HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) – defines how
text, images and sounds are delivered to users
◦ HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) – transmits
information on the World Wide Web
◦ SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) – to send and
receive electronic mail
Internet Protocols
◦ NNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol) - to transmit
discussion forum messages
◦ FTP (File Transfer Protocol) – transfer files between
computers
TCP/IP
 Internet Protocol
◦ Datagram Service (Datagram = packets)
◦ IP packets contain the source and destination
addresses
◦ IP forwards individual IP Datagram from router to
router
 Transmission Control Protocol
◦ Stream-based communication being broken up and
reassembled as messages (datagrams).
TCP/IP
 Transmission Control Protocol
◦ Verifies that all packets arrive at their destination,
resends anything that get lost
◦ Packets might take different routes
◦ Reassembles the data in correct order at receiver
TCP/IP

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