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Contour MAP: GROUP 8 (Pasilbas, Yongco, Hepgano, Cajes, Frondozo)

This document discusses contour maps and their uses. It provides details on: 1. Contour maps represent three-dimensional terrain through two-dimensional contour lines connecting points of equal elevation. 2. Topographic maps use contour lines to depict natural and man-made features of the earth's surface. 3. Different types of contour lines are used in surveying and mapping to represent quantities like elevation, rainfall, pressure, depth, salinity, temperature, humidity, wind speed, and more.

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Virgilio Velasco III
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216 views22 pages

Contour MAP: GROUP 8 (Pasilbas, Yongco, Hepgano, Cajes, Frondozo)

This document discusses contour maps and their uses. It provides details on: 1. Contour maps represent three-dimensional terrain through two-dimensional contour lines connecting points of equal elevation. 2. Topographic maps use contour lines to depict natural and man-made features of the earth's surface. 3. Different types of contour lines are used in surveying and mapping to represent quantities like elevation, rainfall, pressure, depth, salinity, temperature, humidity, wind speed, and more.

Uploaded by

Virgilio Velasco III
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CONTOUR

MAP

GROUP 8 (Pasilbas,
Yongco, Hepgano, Cajes,
Frondozo)
CONTOUR
MAP
Contour map is a
two-dimensional
representation of a
three-dimensional
flow field, and as
such, it has
limitations.
Topographic Map

Provide a detailed representation of the


natural and man-made features of the
earth’s surface. It is a representation of
the three-dimensional terrain or relief of
the surface of the earth by the use of
contour line.
What is contouring in
Surveying?
Contouring in surveying is the determination
1 of elevation of various points on the ground
and fixing these points of same horizontal
positions in the contour map.

To exercise vertical control leveling work is


2
carried out and simultaneously to exercise
horizontal control chain survey or compass
survey or plane table survey is to be carried
out.

If the theodolite is used, both horizontal and


3
vertical controls can be achieved from the
same instrument. Based on the instruments
used one can classify the contouring in
different groups.
Contour Maps and Its
Uses

A contour maps consists of contour lines which are


1 imaginary lines connecting points of equal elevation. Such
lines are drawn on the plan of an area after establishing
reduced levels of several points in the area.

The contour lines in an area are drawn keeping difference


2 in elevation of between two consecutive lines constant.
For example, the contour map in fig. 1 shows contours in
an area with contour interval of 1 m. On contour lines the
level of lines is also written.
Example :
Characteristics of
Contour Maps
4 Equally spaced contour indicates
uniform slope.
The contours maps have the following
characteristics:
Irregular contours indicate uneven
5 surface.
Contour lines must close, not necessarily
1 in the limits of the plan.
Approximately concentric closed
6 contours with decreasing values
2 Widely spaced contour indicates flat
surface.
towards centre indicate a pond.

7 Approximately concentric closed


3 Closely spaced contour indicates steep
ground.
contours with increasing values
towards centre indicate hills.
8 Contour lines with U-shape with convexity
towards lower ground indicate ridge (Fig. 2).

9 Contour lines with V-shaped with convexity


towards higher ground indicate valley (Fig.3).

10 Contour lines generally do not meet or


intersect each other.

11 If contour lines are meeting in some portion, it


shows existence of a vertical cliff (Fig. 4).

12 If contour lines cross each other, it shows


existence of overhanging cliffs or a cave (Fig.
5).
Types of Contour Lines in
Surveying and their Importance

• Isopleth • Isohume
• Isohyet • Isoneph
• Isobar • Isopectic
• Isobath • Isotach
• Isohaline • Isogeotherm
• Isotherm
• Isohel
Isopleth
Isopleth on a contour map
connects the places having the
same value of some
measurable quantity of
geographical or meteorological
phenomena.

For Ex. The population density


of an area can be calculated by
the quotient of population in
the area and surface area of a
region.
Isohyet
Isohyet indicates the
points of equal rainfall of
an area in the given time.
Isobar
Isobars on contour maps
indicates the point of
equal or constant
atmospheric pressure for
a given period.

This type of contour is


used in the prediction of
future weather patterns
isobars are commonly
used in television weather
reporting.
Isobath
It is a type of imaginary
contour lines on a map of
chart that connects all the
points having same depth
below water surface like
ocean, sea and lake.
Isohaline
It is a type of contour
lines on a map which
connect the point of
equal salinity in the
water body (majorly
contour).
Isotherm
It is a type of contour lines
on a map of chart with
connects the point of
equal temperature of a
given area.
Further they are divided
into two types :
Isocheim: It is a line of equal mean winter temperature.
Isothere: It is a line of equal means summer temperature.
An isotherm at 0 degree is called freezing level.
Isohel
It is a type of contour
lines on a map that
connects the places of
equal duration of
sunshine for a given
period.
Isohume
It is a type of contour
lines on a map that
connects all the points
of equal relative
humidity of a specific
area.
Isoneph
It’s a line that
connects all points
of equal amount of
cloud cover.
Isopectic
Isopectic is imaginary
lines on a contour map
or chart that connects
all the points at which
the ice starts to form at
the same time.
Isotach
It’s a line that
connects all
points of equal
wind speed.
Isogeotherm

Isogeotherm on
contour map connects
all the points within the
earth having the same
mean temperature.
THANK YOU!

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