Image Processing
Lecture 1
Introduction and Application
-Gaurav Gupta
-Shobhit Niranjan
Instructors
Gaurav Gupta
Can catch at : B109/Hall-1
mail at: [email protected]
gtalk: gauravg.84@GMAIL
more information at: http://home.iitk.ac.in/~gauravg
Shobhit Niranjan
Can catch at : B211/Hall-1
mail at: [email protected]
gtalk: shobhitn@GMAIL
more information at: http://home.iitk.ac.in/~nshobhit
Course Structure
1. Introduction to Image Processing, Application and
Prospects (Today)
2. Introduction, Image formation, camera models and
perspective geometry
3. Fourier Transform theory , Convolution and
Correlation
4. Color, Image enhancement Techniques
5. Binary images: thresholding, moments, topology
Note: Some topics may not be in order to maintain coherency and running
time requirements. (Bare with us …trying to teach first time !!)
Today
Image Formation
Range Transformations
Point Processing
Reading for this week:
Gonzalez & Woods, Ch. 3
Image Formation
f(x,y) = reflectance(x,y) * illumination(x,y)
Reflectance in [0,1], illumination in [0,inf]
Sampling and Quantization
Sampling and Quantization
What is an image?
We can think of an image as a function, f, from R2 to R:
f( x, y ) gives the intensity at position ( x, y )
Realistically, we expect the image only to be defined over a
rectangle, with a finite range:
f: [a,b]x[c,d] [0,1]
A color image is just three functions pasted together.
We can write this as a “vector-valued” function:
r ( x, y )
f ( x, y ) g ( x, y )
b ( x, y )
Images as functions
What is a digital image?
We usually operate on digital (discrete) images:
Sample the 2D space on a regular grid
Quantize each sample (round to nearest integer)
If our samples are D apart, we can write this as:
f[i ,j] = Quantize{ f(i D, j D) }
The image can now be represented as a matrix of integer values
Image processing
An image processing operation typically defines a
new image g in terms of an existing image f.
We can transform either the range of f.
Or the domain of f:
What kinds of operations can each perform?
Negative
Log
Image Enhancement
Contrast Streching
Image Histograms
Histogram Equalization
Neighborhood Processing (filtering)
Q: What happens if I reshuffle all pixels within
the image?
A: It’s histogram won’t change. No point
processing will be affected…
Need spatial information to capture this.
Programming Assignment #1
Easy stuff to get you started with
Matlab
Shobhit will hold your first tutorial
Topics will be from next 2 lectures
Applications
&
Research Topics
Document Handling
Signature Verification
Biometrics
Fingerprint Verification / Identification
Fingerprint Identification Research at
UNR
Minutiae Matching
Delaunay Triangulation
Object Recognition
Object Recognition Research
reference view 1 reference view 2
novel view recognized
Indexing into Databases
Shape content
Indexing into Databases (cont’d)
Color, texture
Target Recognition
Department of Defense (Army, Airforce,
Navy)
Interpretation of Aerial Photography
Interpretation of aerial photography is a problem domain in both
computer vision and registration.
Autonomous Vehicles
Land, Underwater, Space
Traffic Monitoring
Face Detection
Face Recognition
Face Detection/Recognition Research at
UNR
Facial Expression Recognition
Face Tracking
Face Tracking (cont’d)
Hand Gesture Recognition
Smart Human-Computer User Interfaces
Sign Language Recognition
Human Activity Recognition
Medical Applications
skin cancer breast cancer
Morphing
Inserting Artificial Objects into a Scene
Companies In this Field In India and came
to IITK*
Sarnoff Corporation
Kritikal Solutions
National Instruments
GE Laboratories
Ittiam, Bangalore
Interra Systems, Noida
Yahoo India (Multimedia Searching)
nVidia Graphics, Pune (have high requirements)
ADE Bangalore, DRDO
Links for Self Study and a little Play
http://undergraduate.csse.uwa.edu.au/units/2
33.412/
http://www.netnam.vn/unescocourse/compute
rvision/computer.htm
Book: Digital Image Processing, 2nd Edition
by Gonzalez and Woods, Prentice Hall
Good Luck !!!
