Components

Introduction
Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) is one of the nomenclature in the

implementation of the K to 12 Basic Education Program (BEP) composed of four
components namely: Agri-Fishery Arts, Home Economics, Industrial Arts and Information
and Communication Technology (ICT). In this module, the focus is on an ICT mini-
course – Computer Hardware Servicing.
Now that the workforce is behind in equating the number of available jobs, the
Department of Education is revitalizing its resources to prepare the young minds by
honing their skills as future hardware service providers. Thus, this module seeks to
provide students with the knowledge, skills and motivation in the field of hardware
servicing.
In this course, you will be introduced to different learning activities preparing you
to be skillful before you take the plunge into the world of work as a hardware service
provider and to feel more confident while providing support where needed. Indeed, as
learners of hardware servicing, you are a crucial link in the emergency response
process. Ideally, everyone should know what to do in an emergency situation, but proper
training can help an individual provide basic care.
This module is specifically crafted to focus on Process and Delivery enriched

with hands- on activities that will assess your level in terms of skills and knowledge.
Learning procedures are divided into different sections such as: What to Know, What
to Process, What to Reflect and Understand and What to Transfer. Examine and
perform the suggested tasks to practice developing a sustainable program, prioritizing
needs and building vision.
So, explore and experience the K to 12 TLE modules and be a step closer to
being a computer hardware service provider.
ICT-COMPUTERHARDWARESERVICING
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O bjectives:
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
 identify the important components of a PC and their functions

 familiarize occupational health and safety Procedures
 distinguish the different hardware tools
 perform the basic skills that are necessary to assemble and disassemble a PC
*****
Atthispoint,youareheadinginto
meaningful activities and learning
encounters.Complete the exercises and
answer the suggested worksheets t o
experiencelifelong,practicallearningthat
awaitsattheendofthismodule.
ENJOY YOUR JOURNEY!
2
P r e - assessment:
You will be challenged to dig deeper into your prior knowledge and previous
experiences about computer hardware servicing. This Phase will guide you in assessing
yourself by answering questions and many other types of evaluation for you to further
explore the basics of computer hardware servicing.
SKILLS TEST
Direction: Listed below are some of the most important skills that you must gain
in order to render quality service when you enter the real world of Computer Hardware
Servicing. Read the skills carefully. Then write “Not much”, if you are not really familiar,
“A little” and “A lot”, if you are familiar with the skill. Feel free to answer each skill. Write
your answers in your notebook.
Skills in Computer Hardware Servicing Not Much A little A lot

I can open a computer case.
I can connect the mouse.
I can connect the keyboard.
I can connect the monitor.
I know how to use the Philip head screw driver.
I know how to use the antistatic wrist strap.
I know how to use the lint free cloth.
I can apply occupational health and safety
precautions while working.
I can remove the system fan.
I can detach the power supply from the system unit.
I know how to remove the RAM from the
motherboard.
I can remove the hard drive from the system unit.
I can install the power supply.
I know how to install the motherboard.
I can install the internal drives in a system unit.
I know how to attach RAM in the memory socket.
I can install CD / DVD drives.
L e a r n i n g Goal s and Ta r g e t s :
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After reading the introduction and carefully answering the pre assessment skills
test, you might have ideas of what you will be dealing with in this module. Now prepare
to set your goals and targets for this module by completing the activity below. Write your
answer in your notebook.
My goals are:
Goal 4
Goal 3
Goal 2
Goal 1
My targets are:
Target 1
Target 2
Target 3
Process and Delivery
4
Computers have become a useful part of our everyday lives. The types of
computers we use at home or at work are referred to by varied names such as PCs,
microcomputers, workstations, laptops and desktops. These computers are most
popularly referred to as “personal computers” or PCs, the most common type of
computer in the world.
Today, an average person uses computer-based assistance several times each
day and it becomes an integral part of our lives. So it is very important to be aware of
and understand them.
Preliminary Activity:
Direction: List five (5) hardware and software you are familiar with. Write your
answer on the bubbles provided below:
5
KK nnooww
Lesson 1: Understanding the Computer System
As an aspiring computer technician, it is very important to know the different

components of a computer system. These are the hardware, software and peopleware.
Each component plays an important role, without each other computer systems will not
work properly.
1.1 Hardware- the physical, touchable, electronic and mechanical parts of a computer
system.
A. Major hardware components of a computer system
The following list represents a basic set of hardware found in most PCs.
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1. System Unit- The main part of a microcomputer, sometimes called the chassis. It
includes the following parts: Motherboard, Microprocessor, Memory Chips, Buses, Ports,
Expansion Slots and Cards.
Figure 1.
Tower Type System Unit
2. Motherboard / Mainboard / System Board- The main circuit board of a computer. It

contains all the circuits and components that run the computer.
ICT-COMPUTERHARDW A RE S ERVICING
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Figure 2. Modern Motherboard
3. CPU (Central Processing Unit) - The processor is the main “brain” or “heart” of a
computer system. It performs all of the instructions and calculations that are needed and
manages the flow of information through a computer.
Figure 3. Examples of CPU (Intel Core 2 Duo and AMD Athlon)
4.Primary storage- (internal storage, main memory or memory) is the computer's

working storage space that holds data, instructions for processing and processed data
(information) waiting to be sent to secondary storage. Physically, primary storage is a
collection of RAM chips.
Two (2) Types of Memory
a. ROM – (Read Only Memory) ROM is non-volatile, meaning it holds data even
when the power is ON or OFF.
b. RAM – (Random Access Memory) RAM is volatile, meaning it holds data only
when the power is on. When the power is off, RAM's contents are lost.
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Figure 4. Examples of RAM
5. Expansion Bus - A bus is a data pathway between several hardware components

inside or outside a computer. It does not only connect the parts of the CPU to each
other, but also links the CPU with other important hardware.
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Figure 5. Expansion Bus
6. Adapters- Printed-circuit boards (also called interface cards) that enable the
computer to use a peripheral device for which it does not have the necessary
connections or circuit boards. They are often used to permit upgrading to a new different
hardware.
Figure 6. Adapter (Network Adapter)
7. Power Supply Unit (PSU) - Installed in the back corner of the PC case, next to the
motherboard. It converts 120vac (standard house power) into DC voltages that are used
by other components in the PC.
Figure 7. Power supply
8. Hard Disk Drive (HDD) - Also known as hard drive, is a magnetic storage device that
is installed inside the computer. The hard drive is used as permanent storage for data. In
a Windows computer, the hard drive is usually configured as the C: drive and contains
the operating system and applications.
ICT-COMPUTERHARDW ARESERVICING
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Figure 8. Power supply
9. Optical Drive- An optical drive is a storage device that uses lasers to read data on
the optical media. There are three types of optical drives: Compact Disc (CD), Digital
Versatile Disc (DVD) and Blu-ray Disc (BD).
Figure 9. CD ROM
10. Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) - Designed to optically access data stored on a DVD.
A laser moves back and forth near the disk surface and accesses data at a very fast
rate.
Figure 10. CD ROM
B.Input Devices - Accepts data and instructions from the user or from another
computer system.
Two (2) Types of Input Devices
1. Keyboard Entry – Data is inputted to the computer through a keyboard.
Keyboard - The first input device developed for the PC. Data is transferred to the
PC over a short cable with a circular 6-pin Mini-din connector that plugs into the
back of the motherboard.
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Figure 11. Keyboard
2. Direct Entry – A form of input that does not require data to be keyed by someone
sitting at a keyboard. Direct-entry devices create machine-readable data on paper, or
magnetic media, or feed it directly into the computer’s CPU.
Three Categories of Direct Entry Devices
1. Pointing Devices - An input device used to move the pointer (cursor) on screen.
 Mouse - The most common 'pointing device' used in PCs. Every mouse has two
buttons and most have one or two scroll wheels.
Figure 12. Mouse
 Touch screen- A display screen that is sensitive to the touch of a finger or stylus.
Used in myriad applications, including ATM machines, retail point-of-sale terminals,
car navigation and industrial controls. The touch screen became wildly popular for
smart phones and tablets.
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Figure 13. Touch Screen Devices
 Light Pen - A light-sensitive stylus wired to a video terminal used to draw pictures or
select menu options. The user brings the pen to the desired point on screen and
presses th e pen button to make contact.
Figure 14. Light Pen
 Digitizer Tablet - A graphics drawing tablet used for sketching new images or
tracing old ones. Also called a "graphics tablet," the user contacts the surface of the
device with a wired or wireless pen or puck.
Often mistakenly called a mouse, the puck is
officially the "tablet
cursor."
Figure 15. Digitizer Tablet
2. Scanning Devices- A device that can read text or illustrations printed on paper and
translates the information into a form the computer can use.
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Figure 16. Image scanner
Figure 17. Bar Code Reader
3. Voice- Input Devices - Audio input devices also known as speech or voice
recognition systems that allow a user to send audio signals to a computer for
processing, recording, or carrying out commands. Audio input devices such as
microphones allow users to speak to the computer in order to record a voice message or
navigate software.
Figure 18. Microphones
C. Output Devices - Any piece of computer hardware that displays results after the
computer has processed the input data that has been entered.
1. Computer Display Monitor- It displays information in visual form, using text and
graphics. The portion of the monitor that displays the information is called the
screen or video display terminal.
Types of Monitor
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a. CRT Monitors - Cathode Ray Tubes (CRT) were the only type of displays for use
with desktop PCs. They are relatively big (14" to 16" deep) and heavy (over 15 lbs).
Figure 19. Cathode Ray Tube Monitor
b. LCD Monitors - Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) technology has been used in laptops for
some time. It has recently been made commercially available as monitors for
desktop PCs.
Figure 20. Liquid Crystal Display Monitor
c. LED Monitors (Light Emitting Diode) - A display and lighting technology used in
almost every electrical and electronic product on the market, from a tiny on/off light to
digital readouts, flashlights, traffic lights and perimeter lighting.
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Figure 21. Light Emitting Diode Monitor
2.LCD Projectors- utilize two sheets of polarizing material

with a liquid crystal solution between them. An electric
current passed through the liquid causes the crystals to
align so that light cannot pass through them. Each
crystal, therefore, is like a shutter, either allowing light to
pass through or blocking the light.
Figure
22. LCD Projector
3.Smart Board - A type of display screen that has a touch sensitive transparent panel
covering the screen, which is similar to a touch screen.
Figure 23. Smart Board
4. Printer - A device that prints text or illustrations on paper.
Types of printer
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 Ink-Jet or Bubble-Jet Printer - bprays ink at a sheet of paper. Ink-jet printers
produce high-quality text and graphics.
Figure 24. Ink- Jet Printer
 Laser Printer - Uses the same technology as copy

machines. Laser printers produce very high quality text
and graphics.
Figure 25. Laser Printer
 LCD and LED Printer- Similar to a laser printer, but uses

liquid crystals or light-emitting diodes rather than a laser to
produce an image on the drum.
Figure 26. LCD Printer
 Line Printer - Contains a chain of characters or pins that

print an entire line at one time. Line printers are very fast,
but produce low-quality print.
Figure 27.
Line Printer
 Thermal Printer- An inexpensive printer that works by pushing heated pins against
heat-sensitive paper. Thermal printers are widely used in calculators and fax
machines.
Figure 28. Thermal Printer
5. Speakers - Used to play sound. They may be built into the system unit or connected
with cables. Speakers allow you to listen to music and hear sound effects from your
computer.
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D. Ports - External connecting sockets on the outside of the computer. This is a
pathway into and out of the computer. A port lets users plug in outside peripherals, such
as monitors, scanners and printers.
Table 1. The Ports and their function

Type ofPort Function Illustration
Serial Port Intended for serial type
mouse and older
camera
Parallel Port Also called as printer port.
This is only for old
model printer. It has
25 pins. It is a female
port.
VGA (Video Graphic Used to connect monitors.
Array) Port It has 15 pins and it is
a female port.
USB (Universal Serial High speed serial interface

Bus) Port that is used with
almost all devices. It
is used to connect
latest model printers,
pen drives, cell
phones etc. it has 4
pins.
PS/2 Port Simple, 6-pin, low-speed

serial connections
commonly dedicated
to a keyboard and
mouse.
Power Port Intended for power cord.
Type ofPort Function Illustration

S-Video Port S-Video connections are
available on certain
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source components
and video display
devices, and offer a
higher level of video
performance over
composite video
signals.
Audio Port Intended for plugging in the
speaker or headset.
LAN (Local Area A physical interface often

Networking) Port used for terminating
twisted pair type
cables used to
connect computers
onto a local-area
networks (LAN),
especially Ethernet
RJ-45 connectors
E. Cables and Wires- A cable is most often two or more wires running side by side and
bonded, twisted or braided together to form a single assembly, but can also refer to a
heavy strong rope.
Table 2. The Cables and Connectors
Illustration Function
These jacks are intended for
the PS/2 port specifically
for PS/2 type of
keyboard and mouse.
This type of jack is intended

for the audio and
microphone port.
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S-video jack is obviously for
S-Video port
This monitor jack is intended

for the VGA (Video
Graphic Array) port
This USB (Universal Serial

Bus) plug is intended for
USB port. Modern or
new model of
peripherals like printer,
camera, scanners and
even other portable
computer attachments
used USB type of plugs.
This printer cable jack is

intended for the parallel
port.
RJ45 ("RJ" in RJ45 stands for

"registered jack," since it
is a standardized
networking interface and
the "45" simply refers to
the number of the
interface standard) is a
type of connector
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commonly used for
Ethernet networking.
Power cord is the most

important cord because
it connects the computer
to the main source of
electricity to make it
functional.
1.2 Software is the set of instructions (also called a program) that guides the hardware
to operate effectively. Software can be split into two main types:
1. System Software – Any software required to support the production or execution of

application programs, but which is not specific to any particular application. Common
operating systems include Windows, the Macintosh OS, OS/2 and UNIX.
LINUX
MAC
WINDOWS
2. Application Software – Designed to help the user to perform singular or multiple

related tasks. Examples of application software are as follows:
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a.Word processing software - Creates, edits, saves, and prints documents. Example:
MS Word, WordPerfect, Ami Pro, MacWrite.
b.Spreadsheet software - An electronic spreadsheet consisting of rows and columns

is used to present and analyze data. Example: MS Excel, Lotus 123, Quattro Pro.
c.Database management software - Used to structure a database, a large collection

of computer programs. Data is organized as fields and records for easy retrieval.
Example: MS Access, dBase, Fox Pro, Oracle.
d.Graphic software - Graphics programs display results of data manipulation for

easier analysis and presentation. Example: Macromedia Flash, Harvard Graphics,
3D Studio Max, Adobe Photoshop
1.3 People ware - Refers to people involved in the data

processing operations such as the system administrator,
office workers, students and others.
PPrroocceessss
Task 1: Performance Test
Direction: Given the different cables, identify their functions as well as the part of
computer system each one supports.
1. 2.
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3. 4.
5. 6.
7. 8.
Task 2:
Direction: In the puzzle below, look for the 10 hidden computer components and give
their role on the computer system.
REVEAL THE PARTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM
C G M M Q F Y L W K C P A H K H G C N H
P O R K I R X N A A O A U A K B M P H U
Z A M Z W G W P X W A F V R Q V X U M Y
Q U I P R Y P T E X V I R D B W A O R B
I R T B A R S R U Y L G R D V J B O C U
A O N R D C S G S I L N H I Q S M I L X
C U H L Q U T Z G D C J F S E E J K O U
N H X S P U P D A K O Z X K M T Y U Z S
G H L P F H G P I Z T A F D O U U F T R
A S L W W T R A O S Q F A R E H B G M O
R Y B E A E M J I X K P I I X E C F H T
E S A C M E T S Y S D D E V W T I D V I
K W M I Q K K I S I O R R E I L D F F N
L E I O M E H Y A S K S A I I D G Z K O
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M Q U N D H M R W O Q U H O V K T M J M
W P T H E R M K Z W J U B J B E A P Q Z
K Z Z M L H M O U S E C K Y C Y V Y S D
Y B Y V X E W P L Q Q Y O V N H E Z H D
R N F H T U B U G L S N P F J W N K N J
M J G N Y H V J D U G F L U X O M K D A
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10.
RReeffleleccttaannddUUnnddeerrsstatanndd
Task 1:
1. View actual personal computer and discuss its parts and function.
2. Utilizing the Internet and the website YouTube, view a video regarding parts of
the computer. Use the URLs below:
1. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A9gYVKPczRA
2. http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=bySnX9ZHYvo&feature=player_embedded
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 After watching the videos, answer the following questions:
o Can you cite the different parts/ components of computer showed in
the video presentation?
o Do the components play an important role in the computer system?
Explain your answer.
TTrraannssffeerr
Direction: Draw and label the different hardware of a computer. After drawing and
labeling the hardware components, group them into Input Devices, Output Devices and
Storage Devices.
PERSONAL COMPUTER
25
KK nnooww
Preliminary Activity: Pre- Test
Direction: Select the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers
on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which tool is used for hardware to stand on to prevent static

electricity from building up?
a. Anti-static mat c. Philips head screwdriver
b. Hex driver d. Wire cutter
2. Which tool is used to loosen or tighten cross-head screws?
3. Which tool is sometimes called a nut driver? It is used to tighten nuts in the same
way that a screwdriver tightens screws?
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4. Which tool is used to strip and cut wires?
5. Which tool is used to retrieve parts from location that are too small for your hand to
fit?
a. Part Retriever c. Cable ties
b. Lint-free Cloth d. Flat head screwdriver
6. Which tool is used to clean different computer components without scratching or
leaving debris?
7. Which tool is used to bundle cables neatly inside and outside of a computer?
8. Which tool is used to loosen or tighten slotted screws?
9. Which tool is used to loosen or tighten screws that have a star-like depression on the
top, a feature that is mainly found on laptop?
b. Torx screwdriver d. Wire cutter
10. Which tool is used to blow away dust and debris from different computer parts
without touching the components?
a. Anti-static mat c. Compressed air
Lesson2: Use of Tools in PC Hardware Servicing
To complete hardware repairs, it is important to have a toolkit that should contain

all of the necessary tools. As you gain experience, you will learn which tools to have
available for different types of jobs. Hardware tools are grouped into these four
categories:
 Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) tools

 Hand tools
 Cleaning tools
 Diagnostic tools
Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) Tools
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Static electricity is easily generated by friction on carpets, tile flooring, clothing,
hair, fabric, and etc. The friction of moving air alone will charge suspended particles and
cause the buildup of static electrical charges on people and objects in the environment.
Grounded antistatic work mats used with antistatic wrist straps provide the most basic
means for the controlled discharge of electrostatic electricity.
Examples of ESD Tools:
Anti-static wrist strap – Used to prevent ESD

damage to computer equipment.
Figure 29. Anti- static wrist strap
Anti-static mat – Used to stand on or place hardware on

to prevent static electricity from building up.
Figure 30. Anti- static mat
Hand Tools
A hand tool is a device for performing work on a material or a physical system

using only hands. Hand tools can be used manually or electrically powered, using
electrical current. Examples of Hand Tools are as follows:
Table 3. Hand Tools

Tool Description
Flat Head Screwdriver – Used to loosen or tighten slotted screws.
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Philips Head Screwdriver – Used to loosen or tighten cross-head
screws.
Torx Screwdriver - Used to loosen or tighten screws that have a

star-like depression on the top, a feature that is mainly found on
laptop.
Hex Driver – Sometimes called a nut driver, is used to tighten nuts

in the same way that a screwdriver tightens screws.
Needle-Nose Pliers – Used to hold small parts.
Tool Description
Wire Cutter – Used to strip and cut wires.
Tweezers – Used to manipulate small parts.
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Part Retriever – Used to retrieve parts from location that is too
small for your hand to fit.
Flashlight – Used to light up areas that you cannot see well.
Cleaning Tools
Having the appropriate cleaning tools is essential when maintaining or repairing
computers. Using these tools ensures that computer components are not damaged
during cleaning. Examples:
Table 4. Cleaning Tools

Tools Description
Lint-free Cloth – Used to clean different computer components

without scratching or leaving debris.
Tools Description
Compressed Air – Used to blow away dust and debris from

different computer parts without touching the
components.
Cable Ties – Used to bundle cables neatly inside and outside of a

computer.
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Parts Organizer – Used to hold screw, jumpers, fasteners and
other small parts and prevents them from
getting mixed together.
Diagnostic Tools
Computers are easier to use and more dependable with each new generation of
hardware and operating system update, but that does not mean they are problem-free.
Here are the most popular tools for diagnosing your computer problems:
Table 5. Diagnostic tools

Tools Description
Multimeter – Used to test the integrity of circuits and the quality

of electricity in computer components.
Loopback Adapter – Used to test the functionality of computer

ports.
Proper Use of ESD Tools
Proper Use of Antistatic Wrist Strap

1. Connect the cable to the metal chassis of the
computer.
2. Wrap the strap around your wrist.
3. The connection will keep your body at the same
voltage (potential) as the computer.
4. Attach the wire on the same side of the equipment as
the arm wearing the antistatic wrist strap to keep the
wire out of the way while you are working.
Figure 31. Proper Use of Anti- static wrist strap
31
CAUTION: Never wear an antistatic wrist strap if you are repairing a monitor or CRT.
Proper Use of Antistatic Mat

1.Lay the computer on the mat.
2.Connect the computer to the mat
with the cable.
3. Connect the mat to a reliable
electrical ground with its cable.
4.Now, you and the computer are at
ground potential.
Figure 32. Proper Use of Anti- static mat
Proper Use of Hand Tools

1. Use the proper type and size of screwdriver by matching it to the screw.
2. Do not over tighten screws because the threads may become stripped.
CAUTION: If excessive force is needed to remove or add a component, something

may be wrong.
CAUTION: Magnetized tools should not be used around electronic devices.
CAUTION: Pencils should not be used inside the computer because the pencil lead
can act as a conductor and may damage the computer components.
Proper Use of Cleaning Materials
To clean computers and accessories:

1. Use mild cleaning solution and lint-free cloth to clean computer cases, outside of
monitor, LCD screen, CRT screen and mouse.
2. Use compressed air to clean heat sinks.
3. Use Isopropyl alcohol and lint-free swabs to clean RAM.
4. Use hand-held vacuum cleaner with a brush attachment to clean a keyboard.
CAUTION: Before cleaning any device,

turn it off and unplug the
device from the power
source.
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PPrroocceessss
Task 1: Name a Tool
Directions: Name the tools presented below. Write your answers on the space
provided before each tool.
1. 8.
2. 9.
3. 10.
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4. 11.
5. 12.
6. 13.
7. 14.
Task 2: Performance test
Directions: Using the different available tools in the laboratory, you will segregate the
tools according to their classification whether it is an ESD tool, Hand tool, cleaning tool
or a diagnostic tool. You will be rated according to the scoring rubric below:
(Note: the teacher will provide the different tools)
Classification of Tools
Scoring Rubrics
Criteria
Score
Number of tools classified:
20- 22 10
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15- 19 8
10- 14 6
5-9 4
1-4 2
1. Watch the video presentations on youtube using the following URL:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s7M6_VeDhJE&feature=related
2. After watching the presentation, you must answer the following questions:
 What is your observation on the video being presented to you?
 What are the tools you are familiar with?
 Do you think those tools are essential in computer hardware servicing?
Explain your answer.
TTrraannssffeerr
Task 1: Clean it up!!

Direction: Complete the computer cleaning chart shown below. Indicate the appropriate
tools to be used in cleaning the different computer components.
COMPUTER MAINTENANCE
COMPONENTS TO CLEAN CLEAN WITH:
Computer case
Mouse
Keyboard
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Monitor
Speaker
Cooling fan
Heat sink
Task 2: Let’s do it!

Direction: Use the appropriate tools to do each of the following tasks. Safety
precautions must be observed while working.
1. Loosen computer casing screws.

2. Blow away dust from keyboard.
3. Tighten screws of a PC.
4. Bundle cables inside the computer.
5. Test functionality of the printer port.
Scoring Rubrics:
Was the tool used accurately?
Task
Yes No
1. Loosen computer casing screws

2. Blow away dust from keyboard
3. Tighten screws of a PC
4. Bundle cables inside the computer
5. Test functionality of the printer port
Note: Each YES for accurate use of tools will be equivalent to 2 points.
Total Score= Number of YES for accurate used of tools.
KK nnooww
Preliminary Activity:
Direction: Fill up the diagram below with the things you

think will be harmful when doing a hardware repair.
Lesson3: Occupational Health and Safety Procedures
Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Risk Control
36
Occupational safety and health (OSH) is a planned system of working to
prevent illness and injury where you work by recognizing and identifying hazards and
risks. Health and safety procedure is the responsibility of all persons in the computer
and technology industries. You must identify the hazards where you are working and
decide how dangerous they are. Eliminate the hazard or modify the risk that it presents.
There are three steps to manage health and safety at work: (1.) Spot the Hazard
(Hazard Identification), (2.) Assess the Risk (Risk Assessment) and (3.) Make the
Changes (Risk Control). You can use these three Think Safe steps to help prevent
accidents at work
The Think Safe Steps
1. Spot the Hazard
A hazard is anything that could hurt you or someone else.
Examples of workplace hazards include:
 frayed electrical cords (could result in electrical shock)
 boxes stacked precariously (they could fall on someone)
 noisy machinery (could result in damage to your hearing)
During working hours, you must remain alert to anything that may be dangerous. If you
see, hear or smell anything odd, take note. If you think it could be a hazard, tell
someone.
2. Assess the Risk

Assessing the risk means working out how likely it is that a hazard will harm
someone and how serious the harm could be.
Whenever you spot a hazard, assess the risk by asking yourself two questions:
 How likely is it that the hazard could harm me or someone else?
 How badly could I or someone else be harmed?
Always tell someone (your employer, your supervisor or your health and safety
representative) about hazards you can't fix yourself, especially if the hazard could cause
serious harm to anyone.
For example, (1) Ask your supervisor for instructions and training before using
equipment, (2) Ask for help moving or lifting heavy objects, and (3) Tell your supervisor if
you think a work practice could be dangerous.
If you are not sure of the safest way to do something during work experience, always
ask your supervisor.
3. Make theChanges
It is your employer's responsibility to fix hazards. Sometimes you may be able to
fix simple hazards yourself, as long as you don't put yourself or others at risk. For
37
example, you can pick up things from the floor and put them away to eliminate a trip
hazard.
Common hazards encountered by computer technicians and users
A hazard is a situation in the workplace that has the potential to harm the health
and safety of people or to damage plant and equipment. The situation could involve a
task, chemical or equipment used. Hazard management is a continuous process that
can be used to improve the health and safety of all workplaces.
Physical Hazards
One of the most common physical hazards involving computer technicians is
cables running across the floor. If someone trips, falls, and hurts himself because of a
cable you ran across the floor, someone (you, your employer, or your customer) has a
serious legal negligence problem. If you need to temporarily run a cable across the floor,
place a Danger sign similar to those "wet floor" signs used by cleaning services.
For cables that are temporary but will need to run across the floor for a longer period of
time, use "gaffers tape". Gaffers tape is a heavy tape with strong adhesive to stick to the
floor. For long term cable routing there is a wide variety of cable organizing devices like
cable ties, cable wraps, and cable raceways which can be used to run cable safely along
the wall or ceiling.
Other common physical hazards include leaving tools on top of ladders and
placing electronic equipment in precarious positions or on support that is not sturdy
enough or not designed for holding electronic equipment.
Mechanical Hazards
When working on electronic equipment, ask yourself "Is there any way this
equipment could hurt me?” You might stick your hand in a printer and suddenly the
paper feed arm moves, feeding not only paper through the printer, but a piece of your
finger too.
You might move your hand past a computer chassis and lose a chunk of flesh
because it is razor sharp. When working on electronic equipment always be alert to any
possibility of being hurt by moving parts, hot components, or sharp edges.
Chemical Hazards
There is a wide array of chemicals used with electronic equipment. There are
display cleaning chemicals, keyboard cleaning chemicals, compressed gas dirt and dust
removers, and many cleaning solvents. Some of these chemicals can be harmful if
38
accidentally swallowed, get on bare skin, or get in eyes. Before using any chemicals for
electronic equipment always read the warnings and instructions on the label.
Also be very careful when dealing with inkjet printer cartridges, or laser printer toner
cartridges. Ink and toner can stain skin, clothing and carpet.
Electric Shock Hazard

Inside computers and electronic equipment, there is a range of voltages from 3.3
volts to 25 volts, most of which are harmless. But at the power supply, you will find line
voltage, which is a lethal 220 volts.
The workplace should have safety guidelines to follow to:

 Protect people from injury
 Protect equipment from damage
 Protect the environment from contamination
Safety Precautions when working:

1. Always ground or discharge yourself before touching
any part of the computer.
2. Do not work alone so that there is someone who can take care of you in case of
accident or emergency.
3. Be careful with the tools that may cause short circuit.
4. Always full the cable connector on the handle and not hold on the cable itself.
5. Use only rubber shoes when standing on the ground or in a concrete floor.
6. Make sure that the pins are properly aligned when connecting a cable connector.
7. Always power off and unplug the computer before working on it.
8. Take away any liquid such as mineral water or soft drinks near your working area
or near computers.
9. Contingency measures during workplace accidents, fire, and other emergencies
are recognized.
10. Personal protective equipment is correctly used in accordance with organization
procedures and practice.
11. Hazard/risks in the workplace and their corresponding indicators are identified to
minimize or eliminate risk to co‐workers, workplace, and environment.
12. Take necessary precautions to protect the component of the computer from
damaged caused by Electrostatic Discharge (ESD).
39
13. Hold the components by edges and do not touch the IC’s.
14. Read and follow instructions on the manual carefully.
15. Do not use excessive force if things do not quite slip into place.
Fire Safety Guidelines

 Know the location of fire extinguishers, how to use
them and which to use for electrical fires and for
combustible fires.
 Find an escape route in case a fire gets out of
control.
 Know how to contact emergency services quickly
 Keep the workspace clean.
 Keep most solvents in a separate area.
PPrroocceessss
Task 1: Identifying Safety Precautions
A. Directions: On the table provided below, list down the safety precautions applicable
for people, equipment and the environment. Use the safety precautions when working
as your reference.
People Equipment Environment
40
B. Direction : Identify what hazard is being illustrated in the situation below .
1. Slippery computer laboratory floor
2. Hot components, or sharp edges of computer devices
3. Laser printer toner
4. Obstructed electrical cables
5. Open CRT monitor
Task 1: Short Interview
Directions: Conduct an interview with a skilled computer technician and ask the
following guide questions:
1. What are your personal preparations for your own safety when working?
2. What are the other safety precautions that you apply when working?
3. What are your tips for beginners like us in adhering with the safety precautions?
Task 2 : Time to Browse
Directions: Using the internet, read more eBooks about occupational health and safety
precautions. Also you can watch video presentations featuring safety precautions when
working. Have a note or hard copy of what you have researched. You may use the
following web sites as your reference:
1. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SuRymEHxm3I
2. http://danreb.com/sites/default/files/CHS-NC2%20Reviewer%20-%20With
%20Oral%20Questioning_0.pdf
3. http://info.psu.edu.sa/psu/cis/kalmustafa/CISCO/Lecture
%20Slides/ITE_PC_v40_Chapter2.pdf
TTrraannssffeerr
Task: I Care for Safe Work
41
Direction: Observe the set-up of your school’s Computer Laboratory. Pay attention to
the procedures and arrangement being practiced and used in the workplace. Identify
hazards and assess the risk based on your observations.
Spot the hazard
If you spot something hazardous, what should you do?
 Simple hazard (e.g. boxes on the floor that get in the way)
 More complex hazard (e.g. frayed cords, damaged equipment)
Assess the risk
What two main things should the person in charge or responsible for safety consider
when assessing the risk?
42
KK nnooww
Preliminary Activity: Skills Test

Direction: Listed below are some of the most important
skills that you must gain in order for you to render quality
service when you enter the real world of Computer
Hardware Servicing. Read carefully the skills then put a
check mark in Not much if you are not really familiar, A
little if you have a little knowledge and A lot if you are familiar with the skill. Feel free to
answer each skill.
Skills in Computer Hardware Servicing Not Much A little A lot

I can open a computer case.
I can connect the mouse.
I can connect the keyboard.
I can connect the monitor.
I can detach the power supply from the system unit.
I know how to remove the RAM from the
motherboard.
I can remove the hard drive from the system unit.
Lesson 4: Assembly and Disassembly of a Personal Computer
One of the basic skills that you must acquire in computer hardware servicing is to
independently assemble and disassemble a personal computer or simply setting up a
PC. After familiarizing with all the tools and safety precautions I believe that you are now
ready to gain another experience in CHS by going through this lesson.
Personal Computer Disassembly
Before starting computer disassembly, make sure you have the tools you need
and they're all close by and handy and be sure to have a container to keep the screws
in so you have them when you want to put things back together.
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Step1. Unplugging - The first thing you do is to unplug every cable that is plugged in to
your computer. That includes the cables such as Power, USB, Mouse,
Keyboard, Internet, Ethernet, Modem, AM\FM Antenna, Cable TV, etc. Just
unplug all the cables for safety purposes.
Now that your computer is fully unplugged, move your PC to a clean work
space, preferably a carpet. The carpet is better than tile, because screws and
other small parts will roll around.
Step2. Opening the Outer Shell/Case- First, unscrew the four screws at the back of
the computer. On most computer cases, there will be large knobs that you can
unscrew by hand or by screw driver on the back-right side of the computer. The
left side has small screws because on that side you can't access much on the
inside.
Figure 33. Screw at the back of computer chasis
Once the screws are removed, you can remove the side panels. On most
computers, they just slide off. Start with the left side panel (the side that once had the
knobs), slide it towards the back of the computer. Now you can remove the left panel.
Just like the other side, slide it towards the back of the
computer.
Side
Pane
l
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Figure 34. Removing the side panel
NOTICE:
If you are working on a carpet, about every five minutes touch something that is
grounded (Sink faucet / pipe, wire coming from the ground part of a wall outlet).
This is done so you do not shock your motherboard or other parts.
Step3. Removing the System Fan - First, unplug the fan from the motherboard. You
can find the plug by following the wire from the fan. It should be labeled "SYS_FAN1".
Next, you will have to unscrew the fan from the outside. You should now be able to lift
the fan out of the PC.
System Fan
Figure 35. Removing the system fan
Step4. Removing the CPU Fan- The CPU fan is located right on top of the CPU heat
sink, which is a large piece of metal with fins on the top. The CPU fan plugs into the
motherboard in an awkward place, that is hard to access. But just follow the wires and
you should easily find it. It is labeled "CPU FAN1". To remove the fan from the heat sink,
remove the four s crews securing it in place.
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45
CPU Fan
Figure 36. Removing the CPU fan
Step5. Power Supply - The first thing to do is unplug every wire coming from the power
supply. You must disconnect the motherboard (very large connector/plug), CD/DVD
drive(s) power, internal hard drive power and portable hard drive slot power.
Once everything is unplugged, unscrew the four screws holding the power supply
in place, on the back of the computer. Next, push the power supply from the outside,
and then lift it out.
Figure 37. Unscrew the power supply
Step6. CD/ DVD Drive(s)- First, unplug the ribbon from the back of the drive. Once that
is completed, pull on the tab securing the drive in place, then push it out from the inside.
CD / DVD
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Figure 38. Location of CD / DVD Drive
Step7. Hard Drive - First, unplug the connector at the back of the slot, and unplug the
other end from the motherboard. Also unplug the SATA cable from the motherboard and
the hard drive. The portable hard drive slot is secured the same way the CD/DVD drive
is, with a tab. Pull on the tab, then slide the slot out.
Figure 39. Unplugging the Hard Drive connector
To remove the hard drive from the side of the slot, unscrew the four screws securing it
in place. You must be very careful not to drop the hard drive, since it is very delicate!
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Figure 40. Removing the hard drive from the side of the slot
Step8. Memory (RAM) - To remove the RAM, push down on both tabs holding the RAM
in place, which are located at both ends of the RAM.
Figure 41. Removing the Memory
Step9. Motherboard - The motherboard has seven screws holding it to the frame,
which are indicated by large white circles around them. Remove them and then lift the
motherboard out of the frame.
Figure 42. Removing the Motherboard
Now that you are done with the disassembly, you have gained enough
skills. Next in line is the PC Assembly, exert more effort and patience. Just follow
the step by step procedures and illustrations below and surely you can make it.
Good Luck!!!
48
Step by Step Computer Assembly
Step 1. Prepare your workplace
1. Take Inventory:
Before you start, take an inventory of your parts. Do not begin assembling your
computer if you don't have everything you need. Begin the step-by-step process once
you are ready with everything you need.
Figure 43. Take inventory of the Different Computer Parts
2. Make Space, Make Time:

Building a PC takes up space - about a dining room table worth. So make sure
you have plenty of working room and a few hours to proceed with minimal interruption.
Work on a flat, stable table top surface, or bare floor, where you have room to layout all
of the items.
3. Prepare Grounding Protection:

Use an inexpensive antistatic wrist strap. It is the perfect preventive measure if
you have no alternative to working on carpet. Remember, a table top or bare floor is
always the best place to build your system. Make sure you are wearing your antistatic
wrist strap correctly (it does you no good at all if you do not wear it!), and you are ready
to proceed. Look at Figure 42 for details.
49
Figure 44. Wearing the Anti- static Wrist Strap Correctly
4. Have the Drivers Ready:

Assuming you have another internet connected PC, download the latest drivers
from the vendors' websites for each component you will be installing. Sometimes drivers
are updated between the time the component was manufactured and the time you are
installing it. It is always best to have the latest. Copy them to a CD for easy access.
Step 2. Prepare the Motherboard
1. Great care should be taken when installing the motherboard. First, take the board
out of its packaging and put it on top of the antistatic bag it came in (see Figure
45). Remember, you always want to safeguard your components from potentially
hazardous static electricity (wear your strap).
50
Figure 45. Motherboard in an Antistatic Bag
2. Before you secure the motherboard onto the PC case/chassis, inspect it carefully
for any visible defects.
3. Next, review the motherboard manual, to make sure you are familiar with the
motherboard layout and understand which socket is which. Manuals are
extremely helpful, usually easy to read, and include illustrations. Below you can
find instructions on how to install the processor, the heat sink and the memory
modules on the motherboard. You should not place the motherboard in the
computer case until you are told to do so.
Step 3. Install the CPU
1. Use the unlocking mechanism to

open the CPU socket which is
usually a lever.
2. Carefully line up the pins and
place the chip in its socket; it will
fit only when oriented the proper
way. An arrow or a missing pin on
one corner of the chip will show
you how to line things up.
3. Align Triangular CPU and socket
key marks as shown in Figure 46.
4. Lower the lever to lock the CPU
into place.
Figure 46. Install CPU
Step 4. Install the CPU Heat Sink
1. Follow the manufacturer's directions to install the heat sink and the fan that will
cool the processor. If you bought an OEM CPU and a separate heat sink, you
may need to spread a thin layer of the thermal grease that came with the heat
sink over the chip to ensure proper transfer of heat (some heat sinks come with
this grease already applied).
51
Figure 47. Install CPU Heat Sink
3. Attach the clip that holds the heat sink in place keeping in mind that it may
require a fair amount of force. Again, follow the instructions that came with the
heat sink. They will show you how to fit it correctly. If you are in doubt, you can
visit the manufacturer's website for more information.
4. Plug the CPU fan's power connector into the proper connector on the
motherboard.
Step 5. Install Memory (RAM Modules)
In order to install the memory modules, insert them into the proper sockets
(Figure 48) and push down firmly but evenly until the clips on both sides of the socket
pop into place. If your motherboard supports dual-channel memory, consult the user
manual to determine which pairs of RAM sockets you should use. The motherboard and
the CPU are the brain and nerve center of your PC, so selecting these components is
the most important decision you'll make.
52
Figure 48. Install RAM Memory
Step 6. Place the motherboard into the case
1. Some PC cases have a removable motherboard

tray. If yours does, remove the screws holding it in
place and pull it out of the case (Figure 49).
Figure 49. Remove Motherboard Tray
2. Note the pattern of the holes in your motherboard (Figure 50), and screw brass
standoffs into the motherboard tray or into the PC case in the correct locations
(ALWAYS check the manual and follow their instructions to the letter).
Figure 50. Screw Brass Standoffs Into the Motherboard
3. Check the layout of the sockets on the motherboard, and confirm that the ports on
your motherboard's back panel match the holes on the case's Input/Output (I/O) shield
that is installed in your case. If necessary, remove the old I/O shield by tapping it firmly a
few times with the butt-end of a screwdriver, and then replace it with the shield that
came with the new motherboard.
53
4. Carefully position the motherboard on top of the brass standoffs (Figure 51), line up
all the holes, and use the screws that accompanied the case to fasten down the
motherboard. If you are using a removable tray in your system, slide the tray and
motherboard back into the
case and then secure
the tray.
Figure 51. Case’s I /O Shield
Figure 52. Mount the Motherboard
Step 7. Connect the Power Supply
Making the proper connections is crucial to successfully assembling your PC

system. Fortunately, manufacturers provide color-coded power cables and unique
connector shapes to make the job easy.
54
1.First, plug the large ATX power connector (Figure 53) from your power supply into the
matching port on your motherboard. Look Figure X for details.
2.Locate the smaller, square processor power connector (Figure 54) (you cannot miss
it - it is the one sprouting the yellow and black wires) and attach it to the motherboard.
Note: your connector is usually located near the processor. As always, refer to your
motherboard's manual for the exact locations.
3.Use your motherboard user manual and find the description about front-panel
connectors.
Figure 53. Large ATX Connector
Figure 54. Connect the ATX Power in the Motherboard
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55
Figure 55. Square Processor Power Connector
NOTE
You are going to be doing work that requires attention to detail and can be quite
frustrating if you do not go into it with the right attitude.
4. Attach each of the tiny leads from the power and reset switches (Figure 56), the hard-
disk activity lights, the PC speaker, and any front-panel USB and FireWire ports to the
corresponding pin on your motherboard. The needle-nose pliers are useful for
manipulating small pieces.
Figure 56. Connect the different Leads
Step 8. Install Graphics / Video Cards

1. Begin by removing the backplane cover from the AGP or PCI Express X16 slot
(the metal piece where the monitor connector will emerge) (Figure 57).
56
Figure 57. Remove the backplane cover
2. Install the graphics board in that slot, and then secure the card with a screw
(Figure 58).
Figure 58. Install the Graphics Board
Step 9. Install Internal Drives
Now it is time to install your drives. This is an easy process, but it requires attention to
detail.
1. Make any necessary changes to jumpers on the drives before mounting them in
the case. A two-drive system (one or two SATA (Serial ATA- is a standard
hardware interface for connecting hard drives and CD/DVD drives to a computer)
hard drives, plus one parallel ATA (Advanced Technology Attachment) optical
57
drive, for example) is easy to set up; the SATA drives are jumper less, and the
optical drive can be set as master on its own parallel ATA channel. Many cases
have removable drive rails or cages to house drives.
2. Use the included screws to attach your drives to the rails or cage, and slide them
into the case. For externally accessible drives such as a DVD recorder, you can
save time by installing one drive rail and sliding the drive in for a test fitting to
make sure that its front is flush with the case (Figure 59).
3. When the drives are installed, connect power and data cables to each one.
Parallel ATA drives use wide, flat data cables that can be installed only in the
correct way. Floppy drives use a similar but smaller cable; SATA drives use a thin,
1cm-wide data cable. SATA drives use a new type of power connector that many
power supplies don't come with. Fortunately, many motherboards ship with
adapters for converting a standard four-pin power connector to a SATA power

connector (Figure 59).
Figure 59. Attach your

devices
58
Figure 60. Connect Power Connector
Step 10. Install the Add- in Cards
1. For each add-in card, you must choose a free PCI slot.
2. Remove its backplane cover to allow access from the rear of the case.
3. Carefully position the card above the slot, and press down firmly to seat the
card (Figure 61).
4. Secure the card with a screw.
Figure 61. Add- in Cards
Many motherboards have additional sound connectors or ports housed on small add-in
boards. Some of these plug into slots on the motherboard; others screw into the back of
the case in place of slot covers. Usually the additional ports are not essential to your
PC's operation. For example, if you install a sound card, you do not need connectors to
the motherboard's built-in sound chip. Check your motherboard manual to determine
what each of these boards does.
59
Congratulations for doing a great job, but hold on with your patience
because you still need to complete another topic which is connecting the PC
peripherals. So, keep moving.
Connecting Peripherals of a Personal Computer
When attaching hardware and peripherals of the computer, ensure that they are
connected to the correct locations or ports. For example, some mouse and keyboard
cables use the same type of PS/2 connector. So, you must know first the different ports
that can be found in the back panel of the computer.
Keep in mind:
1. When attaching cables, never force a connection.
2. Plug in the power cable after you have connected all other cables.
Steps in Connecting External Hardware of a PC
Step 1. Attach the monitor cable to the video port.

Step 2. Secure the cable by tightening the screws on the connector.
Figure 62. Attach the Monitor Cable
Step 3. Plug the keyboard cable into the PS/2 keyboard port.
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60
Figure 63. Plug the Keyboard Cable
Step 4. Plug the mouse cable into the PS/2 mouse port.
Figure 64. Plug the Mouse Cable

Step 5. Plug the USB cable into a USB port.
Figure 65. Plug the USB Cable
Step 6. Plug the network cable into the network port.
Figure 66. Plug the Network Cable
Step 7. Plug the power cable into the power supply.
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61 V
Figure 67. Plug the Power Cable
After connecting all the cables into their proper places, the picture in the next
page should be the appearance of the back panel of your PC.
Figure 68. Appearance of the PC’s Back Panel
Congratulations for doing a great job, now it’s time to perform all the
activities prepared for you. Good luck!
PPrroocceessss
Task: Rearrange the Procedures
62
Direction: Rearrange the following procedures in their proper order. Use numbers to
indicate their order of precedence. The first number is done for you.
A. Personal Computer Disassembly
7_1. Detaching the Hard Drive

2. Detaching the power supply
3. Opening the outer shell / case
4. Pull Out the Motherboard
5. Removing the CD / DVD Drives
6. Removing the CPU fan
7. Removing the system fan
8. Unplugging all the cables and wires
B. Personal Computer Assembly
7_1. Connect the Power Supply

2. Install Graphics / Video Cards
3. Install Internal Drives
4. Install Memory (RAM Modules)
5. Install the Add- in Cards
6. Install the CPU
7. Install the CPU Heat Sink
8. Place the motherboard into the case
9. Prepare the Motherboard
10. Prepare your workplace
Task 1: Time to Browse!
Direction: Utilizing the internet, watch video presentations about connecting PC parts
and read additional books for computer hardware servicing to broaden your ideas and
skills. You can use the following URLs for your reference.
1. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6N7bqBsFL0w- Computer Hardware Basics
63
2. http://www.wikihow.com/Install-Computer-Hardware- How to install Computer
Hardware
3. http://www.directron.com/howtoupsys.html- How to install Computer components
4. http://www.gcflearnfree.org/computerbasics/10.1- Setting Up a Desktop

Computer
Task 2: Group and Learn
Direction: Have a group of five (5) people and discuss about the video presentations,
have a brain storming about the helpful tips given in the video and try to acquire the
techniques on the PC Assembly and disassembly by having an actual activity.
TTrarannssffeerr
Task 1: Performance Test
Direction: Follow the given procedures below and safety precautions must be observed
when working. You will be rated in accordance with the rubrics provided below:
Procedures:
A. PC Disassembly
64
B. Personal Computer Assembly
65
C. Connecting PC Peripherals
66
Rubrics for your performance Test
Criteria Score
Accuracy 50 %
Adherence to the procedures 20%
Workmanship(applied safety 20%
precautions)
Speed 10%
Task 2:
Direction: Answer the essential questions below according to your experience in

connecting hardware and peripherals of a computer.
1.What is the essence of following the correct procedures in connecting

the PC parts?
2.What do you think is the main reason why we should never exert too
much force when attaching the cables of PC parts? Explain your answer.
3.What is your perspective why the power cable should always be the last
on the procedure of attaching parts?
4.What do you feel when you are doing the activity?
5.As a computer technician, why do think skills is a crucial factor?
FINAL ACTIVITY
Activity 1: Team up and Learn!!
Direction: After completing all the lessons in this module you need to accomplish the
final activities provided here.
Team up/hook up with a skilled computer technician in your locality and render a quality
/marketable services showcasing all the skills you’ve acquired from this module. Have
an evidence of your activity. Have a journal or narrative report of your performance.
Activity 2:
67
Perform the following:
1. Clean all the dirty computers in the computer laboratory

2. Show or exhibit skills in PC assembly and disassembly using the defective
computers in the computer laboratory.
You did great!!! CONGRATULATIONS..now..sit back and

relax..
SUMMARY
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Process and Delivery of Computer Hardware Servicing is actually a basic
foundation of the higher level of PC troubleshooting and repair. All the basic and
fundamental knowledge was discussed in each lessons as well the primary skills that a
technician should acquire in order to produce marketable product / service which is one
of the goals of entrepreneurship.
Lesson 1 covers the different components and parts of a computer system. It is
critical to know the different components so that when problem occurs, a technician
could easily diagnose where the problem came from and simply apply /suggest remedy
into it.
There are different tools and equipments that are required to accomplish a certain
task in a given span of time. In lesson 2, different useful tools are featured as well as the
proper way of using them.
In computer hardware servicing and whichever field or area he / she is connected
to, a person should always be very cautious with the Occupational Health and Safety
precautions in order to be safe and free from any hazards that would affect the
equipments as well as the environment.
Moreover, lesson 4, offers the basic procedures of personal computer assembly
and disassembly and installing / connecting the peripherals of a computer system which
is essential because the computer system will not work properly if hardware /
peripherals were not attached properly into it.
Understanding computer system is really a brain breaking job, but of course all
starts from a little knowledge and eventually into a broader one. This module would help
the reader to have at least the basic and primary knowledge of computer system.
ANSWER KEY
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Lesson 1: Process
1. USB Cable / mouse / keyboard / printer / camera / scanner
2. RJ 45 / LAN
3. VGA / Monitor
4. Printer cable jack
5. Speaker jack
6. Power cord / power supply
7. PS/2 / mouse and keyboard
Lesson 1: Process
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+ + + + + + M O U S E + + + + Y + + + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + E + + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + K + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Lesson 2: Process
70
Task 1:
1. Anti- Static Wrist strap
2. Flat head screw driver
3. Flashlight
4. Lint free cloth
5. Multi- tester
6. Anti static mat
7. Philips head Screw driver
8. Part Retriever
9. Compressed air
10. Loop back adapter
11. Torx
12. Tweezer
13. Hex
14. Needle Nose Plier
Task 1
COMPUTER MAINTENANCE
COMPONENTS TO CLEAN CLEAN WITH:
Computer case Cleaning solution and lint free cloth
Mouse Lint free cloth and cleaning solution
Keyboard Brush, lint free cloth, mini vacuum cleaner
Monitor Cleaning solution and lint free cloth
Speaker Brush and lint free cloth
Cooling fan Brush, compressed air
Heat sink Compressed air, brush
Lesson 3: Process
71
People Equipment Environment
1.Do not work alone so 1.Always ground or 1. Hazard/risks in the
that there’s someone who discharge yourself before workplace and their
can take care of you in touching any part of the corresponding indicators
case of accident or computer are identified to
emergency. 2.Be careful with the tools minimize or eliminate
2. Use only rubber shoes that may cause short circuit
when standing on the 3.Always full the cable
ground or in a concrete connector on the handle
risk to co‐workers,
floor and not hold on the cable
3. Always power off and itself
unplug the computer before 4.Make sure that the pins workplace and
working on it. are properly aligned when environment.
4.Contingency measures connecting a cable
during workplace accidents, connector.
fire and other emergencies 5.Take away any liquid
are recognized. such as mineral water or
5.Personal protective soft drinks near your
equipment is correctly used working area or near
in accordance with computers
organization procedures 6.Take necessary
and practice precautions to protect the
6. Read and follow component of the computer
instruction on the manual from damaged cause by
carefully. Electrostatic Discharge
(ESD).
7. Hold the components by
edges and do not touch the
IC’s.
8.Do not use excessive
force if things don’t quite
slip into place.
GLOSSARY
72
adapters - These are printed-circuit boards that enables the computer to use a
peripheral device for which it does not have the necessary connections or circuit
boards.
application software - A set of programs designed to help the user to perform singular
or multiple related tasks.
bus- A data pathway between several hardware components inside or outside a

computer.
cable ties- a type of cleaning tool used to tie cables and wires.
compressed air- A cleaning tool composed of air used to blow away dust.
digitizer- Is a graphics drawing tablet used for sketching new images or tracing old
ones.
expansion bus - It connects the parts of the CPU to each other, but also links the CPU
with other important hardware.
hand tool- A device for performing work on a material, or a physical system using only
hands.
hard disk drive- Is a magnetic storage device that is installed inside the computer.
hardware- These are the tangible component of a computer system.
hazard- Is a situation in the workplace that has the potential to harm the health and
safety of people or to damage plant and equipment.
lint- free cloth- A type of cloth used to clean different computer components without
scratching
motherboard- The main circuit board of a computer containing all the essential parts of
a PC.
people ware- Refers to people involved in the data processing operations.
73
port - Is an external connecting socket on the outside of the computer. This is a
pathway into and out of the computer.
RJ45- "RJ" in stands for "registered jack," since it is a standardized networking interface
and "45" simply refers to the number of the interface standard.
serial port- A port intended for serial type of mouse and older camera.
smart board - Type of display screen that has a touch sensitive transparent panel
covering the screen.
static electricity - An accumulation of electric charge on an insulated body.
system software- Is a set of instruction required to run a computer system.
tool – Is a handheld device that aids in accomplishing a task.
toolkit - A set of tools designed to be used together .
74
ACRONYMS
ATA- Advance Technology Attachment
BIOS- Basic Input Output System
CD- Compact Disc
CHS- Computer Hardware Servicing
CRT- Cathode Ray Tube
ESD- Electro Static Discharge
DVD- Digital Versatile Disc
HDD- Hard Disk Drive
LAN- Local Area Networking
LCD- Liquid Crystal Display
LED- Light Emitting Diode
OHS- Occupational Health and Safety
RAM- Random Access Memory
ROM- Read Only Memory
SATA- Serial Advance Technology Attachment
USB- Universal Serial Bus
VGA- Video Graphic Array
75
REFERENCES
Books and Articles and Printed Materials:
1. Barry Press, Marcia Press, PC Upgrade and Repair Bible,

Desktop Edition., Wiley Publishing Inc., 10475 Crosspoint
Boulevard, Indianapolis, IN 46256
2. Ron Gilster, PC Repair Bench Book., Wiley Publishing Inc., 10475

Crosspoint Boulevard, Indianapolis, IN 46256
3. Barry Press, Marcia Press, PC Upgrade and Repair Bible, Desktop

Edition., Wiley Publishing Inc., 10475 Crosspoint Boulevard, Indianapolis,
IN 46256
4. K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum- Technology and Livelihood Education

Learning Module –Computer Hardware Serviciing- RONALDO V. RAMILO and
DEOVER M. PASCO
Electronic Resources:
1. http://www.buzzle.com/articles/computer-memory-types.html
Computer Memory Types
2. http://www.athropolis.com/popup/c-comp2.htm
Measurements for Memory & Storage
3. http://www.ustudy.in/ce/hard/u1
Fundamentals of PC repair
4. http://danreb.com/sites/default/files/CHS-NC2%20Reviewer%20-%20With
%20Oral%20Questioning_0.pdf
Occupational Health and Safety Precautions
5. http://puzzlemaker.discoveryeducation.com/CrissCrossSetupForm.asp
Puzzles for Activities
6. http://info.psu.edu.sa/psu/cis/kalmustafa/CISCO/Lecture
%20Slides/ITE_PC_v40_Chapter2.pdf
Occupational Safety Precautions
76
7. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tfKe8PPI2zs&feature=related
Conversion of Decimal N umber to Binary
8. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s7M6_VeDhJE&feature=related
9. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6N7bqBsFL0w-
Computer Hardware Basics
10. http://www.wikihow.com/Install-Computer-Hardware-
How to install Computer Hardware
11. http://www.directron.com/howtoupsys.html-
How to install Computer components
12. en.wikipedia.org
13. http://www.bechtel.com/assets/files/Environmental/ToolboxSafetyTopics/20
10/ProperToolSelection.pdf
Tool Selection
14. http://www.iml.uts.edu.au/assessment-futures/designing/assembling.html
15. http://www.instructables.com/id/Disassemble-a-Computer/- Computer Basics
77

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Introduction

Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) is one of the nomenclature in the

This module is specifically crafted to focus on Process and Delivery enriched

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

 identify the important components of a PC and their functions

ENJOY YOUR JOURNEY!

Skills in Computer Hardware Servicing Not Much A little A lot

Process and Delivery

Lesson 1: Understanding the Computer System

As an aspiring computer technician, it is very important to know the different

A. Major hardware components of a computer system

2. Motherboard / Mainboard / System Board- The main circuit board of a computer. It

Figure 3. Examples of CPU (Intel Core 2 Duo and AMD Athlon)

4.Primary storage- (internal storage, main memory or memory) is the computer's

Two (2) Types of Memory

5. Expansion Bus - A bus is a data pathway between several hardware components

Figure 6. Adapter (Network Adapter)

Figure 7. Power supply

Figure 10. CD ROM

Two (2) Types of Input Devices

1. Keyboard Entry – Data is inputted to the computer through a keyboard.

Three Categories of Direct Entry Devices

Figure 12. Mouse

Figure 14. Light Pen

Figure 15. Digitizer Tablet

Figure 17. Bar Code Reader

Figure 18. Microphones

Figure 19. Cathode Ray Tube Monitor

Figure 20. Liquid Crystal Display Monitor

2.LCD Projectors- utilize two sheets of polarizing material

Figure 23. Smart Board

4. Printer - A device that prints text or illustrations on paper.

Figure 24. Ink- Jet Printer

 Laser Printer - Uses the same technology as copy

Figure 25. Laser Printer

 LCD and LED Printer- Similar to a laser printer, but uses

Figure 26. LCD Printer

 Line Printer - Contains a chain of characters or pins that

Figure 28. Thermal Printer

Table 1. The Ports and their function

USB (Universal Serial High speed serial interface

PS/2 Port Simple, 6-pin, low-speed

Power Port Intended for power cord.

Type ofPort Function Illustration

LAN (Local Area A physical interface often

Table 2. The Cables and Connectors

This type of jack is intended

This monitor jack is intended

This USB (Universal Serial

This printer cable jack is

RJ45 ("RJ" in RJ45 stands for

Power cord is the most

1. System Software – Any software required to support the production or execution of

2. Application Software – Designed to help the user to perform singular or multiple

b.Spreadsheet software - An electronic spreadsheet consisting of rows and columns

c.Database management software - Used to structure a database, a large collection

d.Graphic software - Graphics programs display results of data manipulation for

1.3 People ware - Refers to people involved in the data

Task 1: Performance Test