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Introduction To Computing

This document introduces computing and its various subfields. It defines computing as any goal-oriented activity that benefits from computers, including designing hardware and software, processing information, and using computers for research and entertainment. The primary aspects of computing draw from technology, design, engineering, mathematics, physical sciences, and social sciences. The main subfields are computer science, software engineering, computer engineering, information technology, and information systems. The chapter then provides a brief history of computing and an overview of modern computing, computers, computer hardware, and computer software.

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Rashid Mumtaz
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
20K views

Introduction To Computing

This document introduces computing and its various subfields. It defines computing as any goal-oriented activity that benefits from computers, including designing hardware and software, processing information, and using computers for research and entertainment. The primary aspects of computing draw from technology, design, engineering, mathematics, physical sciences, and social sciences. The main subfields are computer science, software engineering, computer engineering, information technology, and information systems. The chapter then provides a brief history of computing and an overview of modern computing, computers, computer hardware, and computer software.

Uploaded by

Rashid Mumtaz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION TO

COMPUTING
CHAPTER # 1 Introduction to Computing
What is Computing

 Computing is any goal-oriented activity which benefits from


computers
 Computing is the study of how computers and computer
systems work and how they are constructed and programmed
 Computing includes
 designing and building hardware and software systems
 processing, structuring and managing various kinds of information
 doing scientific research on and with computers
 making computer systems behave intelligently
 creating and using communications and entertainment media etc

Chapter # 1 Introduction to Computing 2


What is Computing

 Its primary aspects of theory, systems and applications are


drawn from the disciplines of
 Technology
 Design
 Engineering
 Mathematics
 Physical Sciences and
 Social Sciences

Physical
Technology Design Engineering Mathematics Social Sciences
Sciences

Chapter # 1 Introduction to Computing 3


Subfields of Computing

Computer Software Computer Information Information


Science Engineering Engineering Systems Technology

Chapter # 1 Introduction to Computing 4


Subfields of Computing
 Computer science (CS) or computing science
 It is the scientific and practical approach to computation and its applications
 Software engineering (SE)
 It is the application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the
design, development, operation, and maintenance of software, and the study
of these approaches; that is, the application of engineering to software
 Computer engineering (CE)
 It is a discipline that integrates several fields of electrical engineering and
computer science required to develop computer systems
 Information technology (IT)
 It is the application of computers and telecommunications equipment to store,
retrieve, transmit and manipulate data, often in the context of a business or
other enterprise
 Information systems (IS)
 It is the study of complementary networks of hardware and software that
people and organizations use to collect, filter, process, create, and distribute
data

Chapter # 1 Introduction to Computing 5


History of Computing

 The history of computing is longer than the history of


computing hardware and modern computing technology
 It includes the history of methods intended for pen and paper
or for chalk and slate, with or without the aid of tables
 The earliest known tool for use in computation was the
abacus (invented in Babylon circa 2400 BC)
 Calculators were also a popular computation tool used in
recent centuries

Chapter # 1 Introduction to Computing 6


Modern Day Computing

 Modern day computing is usually performed with the help of


computers
 A computer is a machine that manipulates data according to a
set of instructions called a computer program
 A computer program provides instructions to the computer
hardware

Chapter # 1 Introduction to Computing 7


What is a Computer
 Computer is a Latin word which means to compute
 It is a calculation machine to perform computations and
to make logical decisions millions / billions times faster
than human beings
 Computer is an electronic device used for information
processing
 A computer is, at its most basic, a machine which can
take instructions, and perform computations based on
those instructions and give results
 Computer is an electronic machine made with many
subunits that enables the user to access data easily
 A computation on a computer is performed on the basis
of two main entities
 i.e. hardware and software

Chapter # 1 Introduction to Computing 8


Computer Software

 Software is a collection of computer programs and


related data that provides the instructions for telling
a computer what to do and how to do it
 e.g. Microsoft Word, Internet Explorer, Windows
 Software is a set of programs, procedures,
algorithms and its documentation concerned with
the operation of a data processing system
 Software cannot be touched

Chapter # 1 Introduction to Computing 9


Computer Hardware

 Computer hardware is the collection of physical elements


that comprise a computer system
 It encompasses the physical interconnections and devices
required to store and execute (or run) the software
 It refers to the physical parts or components of a computer
such as
 monitor, keyboard, storage, hard drive disk, mouse, printers, CPU,
memory, motherboard, graphic card, sound card, and other chips
 It contains physical objects that can be actually touched

Chapter # 1 Introduction to Computing 10

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