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SQL-3 Single Row Functions

This document summarizes single row functions in Oracle including character functions like UPPER, LOWER, INITCAP; number functions like ROUND, TRUNC, MOD; date functions like ADD_MONTHS, LAST_DAY, MONTHS_BETWEEN; conversion functions like TO_CHAR, TO_DATE; and the NVL function for converting null values. Examples are provided for each function.

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Prabath Withanage
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82 views

SQL-3 Single Row Functions

This document summarizes single row functions in Oracle including character functions like UPPER, LOWER, INITCAP; number functions like ROUND, TRUNC, MOD; date functions like ADD_MONTHS, LAST_DAY, MONTHS_BETWEEN; conversion functions like TO_CHAR, TO_DATE; and the NVL function for converting null values. Examples are provided for each function.

Uploaded by

Prabath Withanage
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Single Row Functions

Character functions

UPPER(char)

LOWER(char)

INITCAP(char)

INSTR(char1,char2[,n[,m]])

LPAD(char1,n [,char2])

SUBSTR(char,n)

TRIM(char FROM char1)

LENGTH (char);
Character Functions

Function Result

UPPER(’cate’) CATE

LOWER(’CAte’) cate

INITCAP(’my name’) My Name

SUBSTR(‘String',1,3) Str

LENGTH('String') 6

INSTR('String', 'r') 3

LPAD(sal,10,'*') ******5000

TRIM('S' FROM 'SSMITH') MITH


Number Functions
ROUND(n[,m])

MOD(m,n)

TRUNC(n[,m])

SIGN(n)

etc.,

Function Result

ROUND(45.926,2) 45.93

TRUNC(45.926,2) 45.92

MOD(1600,300) 100
Number functions

Group value functions


 SUM([DISTINCT|ALL] n)
 AVG([DISTINCT|ALL] n)
 COUNT({* | [DISTINCT|ALL] expr})

List value functions


 GREATEST(expr [,expr] ...)
 LEAST(expr [,expr] ...)
Date Functions

ADD_MONTHS(d,n)

LAST_DAY(d)

MONTHS_BETWEEN(d1,d2)

SYSDATE
Conversion functions

TO_CHAR(d [, fmt [, 'nlsparams'] ])

TO_CHAR(n [, fmt [, 'nlsparams'] ])

TO_DATE(char [, fmt [, 'nlsparams'] ])


NVL Function

Converts null to an actual value


 Datatypes that can be used are date, character, and number.
 Datatypes must match
NVL(comm,0)
NVL(hiredate,'01-JAN-97')
NVL(job,'No Job Yet')

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