 I can define what is cell.

 I can state cell theory.

 I can explain the postulates
of cell theory.
 I can identify the different
structures of cell.
 I can function of major and
subcellular organelles.
 I CAN give some
significance and application
of mitosis and meiosis.
 I CAN identify disorders
and diseases that result
from the malfunction of
the cell during the cell
cycle.
All living things are made up of
cell.
• Regardless of an organism’s
size, be it a large blue
whale or a microscopic
bacterium, that organism is
still made up of cells.
The cell is the fundamental unit
of life.
• As the basic unit of life, the cell
manifests all the characteristics
that define an organism such as
energy requirement, life span,
reproduction, response to stimuli,
growth and development and
adaptation.
New cells come from the division of pre-
existing (old) cells.
• Cells will never arise from non-living
matter; only living cells will give rise to
new ones. The cells that you have in
your body divide every now and then,
and they all came from one pre-existing
cell (the fertilized egg cell) that divided
into smaller cells which grew and
differentiated into different cells.
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek- (1632-1723) .
• used his microscope in studying plant
and animal cells.
• He was the first to see red blood cells
and name tiny microorganisms as
“animalcules” because he observed how
animals could be that small.
• He was also able to observe
microorganisms in water and sperm
cells..
1673- Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Created a powerful
microscope
Robert Hooke-(1635-1703)

• studied the bark (cork) of an oak tree

and then gave the term cell to the
microscopic structures he observed.
• The word Cell comes from the Latin
word cellula, meaning “small room”. He
published the book Micrographia which
detailed his observations of various
objects using different lenses.
1665 – Robert Hooke
Observed cells in cork.
Coined the term "cells”.

Cork Cells
Robert Brown- (1773-1858)

• discovered the nuclei within the cells.

• This was one of the most important

scientific discoveries as it paved the way
to the discovery of other nuclear
components such as chromosomes and
DNA.
 1827-33 - Robert Brown
-noticed that pollen grains in water jiggled around
called “Brownian motion”
-discovered the nucleus
Nucleus

Human Cheek Cell

Felix Dujardin- (1801-1860)
• was credited for describing a formless
substance in microorganisms which he
called sarcode.
• This term was later known as
protoplasm.
• His study refuted the belief that
microorganisms have tiny organs
just like their visible counterparts.
Matthias Schleiden- ( 1804-1881)

• made several observations on plant cells

 1838 - Matthias Schleiden
A botanist who concluded that all plants are made of cells.

Typical Plant Cell

Theodore Schwann- (1810-1882)
• observed that all animals are made up of
cells.
• Because of these studies, they
both(Schleiden) concluded that all living
things are made up of cells.
• Schwann also described animals as
“cooperative cells” because they live
independently but the cells function as a
team.
1839 - Theodor Schwann
A zoologist who concluded that all animals
are made of cells.

Nerve Cells
Rudolf Virchow- (1821-1902)
• proposed the third idea of the cell
theory
• He formulated the generalization of
omnis cellula e cellula, which means that
“ cells come pre-existing cells”
 1855 - Rudolph Virchow

A physician who did

research on cancer cells
and concluded
“Omnis cellula e cellula”.

“All cells are from other

pre-existing cells.”
Based on the song….
• If I will be a part of the cell, I would like
to be______________,
because___________________________
_________________________________
____________________________.
 Definition of Cell

A cell is the smallest unit that is

capable of performing life
functions.
 Examples of Cells
Amoeba Proteus

Plant Stem

Bacteria

Red Blood Cell

Nerve Cell
 Two Types of Cells

•Prokaryotic
•Eukaryotic
 Prokaryotic
• Do not have
structures
surrounded by
membranes
• Few internal
structures
• One-celled
organisms,
Bacteria

http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html
 Eukaryotic
• Contain organelles surrounded by membranes
• Most living organisms
Plant Animal

http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html
 “Typical” Animal Cell

http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif
 “Typical” Plant Cell

http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif
Cell Membrane
• Have you ever eaten siomai?
• Do you know what its
contents are?
• Which do you think can be
the analogy of cell
membrane?
• It is also called plasma membrane.
• It is a thin barrier that forms a
boundary separating an individual
cell from the external environment.
• It acts as a gatekeeper for regulating
the passage of important molecules ,
ions and gases between outside and
inside of the cell.
• Cell Wall

• is an additional boundary for plants,

algae , fungi and some bacteria
• Protoplasm and its Organelle
• The plasma or cell membrane
encloses a jellylike material called
protoplasm.

• The protoplasm is a colorless or

somewhat grayish, translucent,
viscous substance that is capable
of flowing.
• Organelles or little organ are
present in the protoplasm.
• Protoplasm and its Organelle
• The plasma or cell membrane
encloses a jellylike material called
protoplasm.

• The protoplasm is a colorless or

somewhat grayish, translucent,
viscous substance that is capable
of flowing.
• Organelles or little organ are
present in the protoplasm.
Mitochondria: Powerhouse of the Cell
• microscopic rod-shaped bodies in the
cytoplasm.
Mitochondria: Powerhouse of the Cell
• They are the centers of cellular respiration,
a process in which energy rich-adenosine
triphosphate or ATP, a high energy
compound in cells that function in energy
storage and transfer, is produced.
Ribosomes: Protein Factories of the Cell
• All throughout the cytoplasm are tiny dot-like
structures called ribosomes.
• These organelles are composed of nucleic acids
(RNA) and proteins. It is the protein synthesis.
Endoplasmic reticulum: Manufactures and Shippers of the Cell

• Ribosomes are often attached to long strands of

membrane called endoplasmic reticulum, which
forms a network of tiny canals through the cell.
• It has either Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum, the
outer membrane that is lined with ribosomes and
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum, there are no
ribosomes.
Golgi Bodies or Golgi Apparatus: Packaging Counters of the Cell
• Prepare proteins for secretion after they are
released from the ER.
• During the process, certain proteins are
surrounded by pieces of membrane that detach
from the Golgi body.
• These pieces form tiny, membrane –bound spheres
called vesicles.
Vacuoles: Storage Tank of the Cell
• are fluid –filled cavities that are surrounded by
membranes. The vacuolar membrane regulates the
molecular traffic between the vacuole and the cell
substances.
• Cell sap is the content of plant vacuole.
Lysosomes: Suicide Bags of the cell
• Lyso means “dissolving power” and some means
“body”. It is rich in strong hydrolytic enzyme.
Centrosomes and Centrioles: Helpers in Cell Division
• a centrosome is a mass of dense protoplasm with
structures called centrioles at the center.
• The centrioles, as part of the cytoplasm, duplicate
and form at the centre for spindle fibre formation
during the cell division.
Cytoskeleton: Framework of the Cell
• Just as how hollow blocks support a building,
cytoskeleton supports the internal system and give
the cell its shape.
Nucleus:Brain of the Cell
• spherical shape in the center of the cell. It is the
control center of the cell since it contains the
genetic material, DNA, which determines the
characteristics of the cell and directs the
production of proteins.
Check -Me Out!
Comparison of Prokaryotic, Plant and Animal Cells (check means present, x- means absent)

STRUCTURE PROKARYOTIC CELL PLANT CELL ANIMAL CELL

1. Cell membrane

2. Cell Membrane

3. Nucleus

4. Chromosome

5.Centrioles

6.Chloroplast

7.Vacuoles

8.Mitochondria

9.Ribosomes

10.ER

11. Lysosome

12. Golgi bodies

• Draw the cell and its part in a short
bond paper with a short
description.