NETWORK TOPOLOGIES

MADE BY: - BILAL AHMAD S/O JAVED KHAN

CLASS NO: - 66
REGESTRATION NO: - 18PWCSE1680
SECTION: - “B”
 NETWORK TOPOLOGIES
• What is network topology?
• Types of network topologies?
• Advantages of network topologies.
• Disadvantages of network topologies.
• What is the most popular topology?
NETWORK TOPOLOGY: -
Network Topology is the schematic description of a network arrangement,
connecting various nodes(sender and receiver) through lines of connection.
TYPES OF NETWORK TOPOLOGY: -
• Mesh topology
• Star topology
• Bus topology
• Ring topology
• Tree topology
• Hybrid topology
(1) MESH TOPOLOGY: -

In mesh topology, every device is connected to another device via

particular channel.
There are two types of mesh topology
• Partial mesh topology
• Full mesh topology
(I)PARTIAL MESH TOPOLOGY: -
In this topology some of the systems are connected in the same fashion
as mesh topology but some devices are only connected to two or three
devices.
(II)FULL MESH TOPOLOGY: -
Each and every nodes or devices are connected to each other.
FEATURES OF MESH TOPOLOGY: -
• Fully connected.
• Robust.
• Not flexible.
ADVANTAGES OF MESH TOPOLOGY: -
• Each connection can carry its own data load.
• It is robust.
• Fault is diagnosed easily.
• Provides security and privacy.
DISADVANTAGES OF MESH TOPOLOGY: -
• Installation and configuration is difficult.
• Cabling cost is more.
• Bulk wiring is required.
(2)STAR TOPOLOGY: -
In this type of topology all the computers are connected to a single hub
through a cable. This hub is the central node and all others nodes are
connected to the central node.
FEATURES OF STAR TOPOLOGY: -

• Every node has its own dedicated connection to the hub.

• Hub acts as a repeater for data flow.
• Can be used with twisted pair, Optical Fibre or coaxial cable.
ADVANTAGES OF STAR TOPOLOGY: -
• Fast performance with few nodes and low network traffic.
• Hub can be upgraded easily.
• Easy to troubleshoot.
• Easy to setup and modify.
• Only that node is affected which has failed, rest of the nodes can
work smoothly.
DISADVANTAGES OF STAR TOPOLOGY: -
• Cost of installation is high.
• Expensive to use.
• If the hub fails then the whole network is stopped because all the
nodes depend on the hub.
• Performance is based on the hub that is it depends on its capacity
(3)BUS TOPOLOGY: -
Bus topology is a network type in which every computer and network
device is connected to single cable. When it has exactly two endpoints,
then it is called Linear Bus topology.
FEATURES OF BUS TOPOLOGY: -
• It transmits data only in one direction.
• Every device is connected to a single cable
ADVANTAGES OF BUS TOPOLOGY: -
• It is cost effective.
• Cable required is least compared to other network topology.
• Used in small networks.
• It is easy to understand.
• Easy to expand joining two cables together.
DISADVANTAGES OF BUS TOPOLOGY: -
• Cables fails then whole network fails.
• If network traffic is heavy or nodes are more the performance of
the network decreases.
• Cable has a limited length.
• It is slower than the ring topology.
(4)RING TOPOLOGY: -
It is called ring topology because it forms a ring as each computer is
connected to another computer, with the last one connected to the first.
Exactly two neighbors for each device.
FEATURES OF RING TOPOLOGY: -
• A number of repeaters are used for Ring topology with large
number of nodes, because if someone wants to send some data
to the last node in the ring topology with 100 nodes, then the data
will have to pass through 99 nodes to reach the 100th node.
Hence to prevent data loss repeaters are used in the network.
• Data is transferred in a sequential manner that is bit by bit. Data
transmitted, has to pass through each node of the network, till the
destination node.
FEATURES OF RING TOPOLOGY (CONT): -
• The transmission is unidirectional, but it can be made bidirectional by
having 2 connections between each Network Node, it is called Dual
Ring Topology.
• In Dual Ring Topology, two ring networks are formed, and data flow is in
opposite direction in them. Also, if one ring fails, the second ring can act
as a backup, to keep the network up.
ADVANTAGES OF RING TOPOLOGY: -
• Transmitting network is not affected by high traffic or by adding
more nodes, as only the nodes having tokens can transmit data.
• Cheap to install and expand
DISADVANTAGES OF RING TOPOLOGY: -
• Troubleshooting is difficult in ring topology.
• Adding or deleting the computers disturbs the network activity.
• Failure of one computer disturbs the whole network.
(5)TREE TOPOLOGY: -
It has a root node and all other nodes are connected to it forming a
hierarchy. It is also called hierarchical topology. It should at least have
three levels to the hierarchy.
FEATURES OF TREE TOPOLOGY: -
• Ideal if workstations are located in groups.
• Used in Wide Area Network.
ADVANTAGES OF TREE TOPOLOGY: -
• Extension of bus and star topologies.
• Expansion of nodes is possible and easy.
• Easily managed and maintained.
• Error detection is easily done.
DISADVANTAGES OF TREE TOPOLOGY: -
• Heavily cabled.
• Costly.
• If more nodes are added maintenance is difficult.
• Central hub fails, network fails.
(6)HYBRID TOPOLOGY: -
It is two different types of topologies which is a mixture of two or more
topologies. For example if in an office in one department ring topology is
used and in another star topology is used, connecting these topologies
will result in Hybrid Topology (ring topology and star topology).
FEATURES OF HYBRID TOPOLOGY: -
• It is a combination of two or topologies
• Inherits the advantages and disadvantages of the topologies included
ADVANTAGES OF HYBRID TOPOLOGY: -
• Reliable as Error detecting and trouble shooting is easy.
• Effective.
• Scalable as size can be increased easily.
• Flexible.
DISADVANTAGES OF HYBRID TOPOLOGY: -
• Complex in design.
• Costly.
THE MOST POPULAR TOPOLOGY: -
Star topology is the most popular network topology in businesses
today. It consists of nodes connected to a central switch or hub. If
you have a home network, you are probably using the star
topology.