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Variables: Ariel P. Villar, PH.D

There are several types of variables that are important in research studies. Independent variables cause changes in the dependent or outcome variables. Extraneous variables are extra factors that can impact the relationship between the independent and dependent variables, such as participant characteristics or situational factors. Variables can also be classified as constant, attributes, covariates, continuous, dichotomous, latent, exogenous, or endogenous depending on their nature and role in the research study.

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Ariel Nube
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85 views

Variables: Ariel P. Villar, PH.D

There are several types of variables that are important in research studies. Independent variables cause changes in the dependent or outcome variables. Extraneous variables are extra factors that can impact the relationship between the independent and dependent variables, such as participant characteristics or situational factors. Variables can also be classified as constant, attributes, covariates, continuous, dichotomous, latent, exogenous, or endogenous depending on their nature and role in the research study.

Uploaded by

Ariel Nube
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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VARIABLES

ARIEL P. VILLAR, PH.D.


Basic Types
• Independent – are those that cause changes in
the subject
• Dependent – are those that bear or manifest the
effects caused by the independent variables
• Hence, in a causal relationship, the cause comes
from the independent, the effect from the
dependent variable.
Extraneous Variables
• Extra variables that create an impact on the relationship between
the independent and dependent variable.
• Participant variables - refer to moods, emotions, intelligence of
the subject.
• Situational variables – nature of the place
Types of Variables
1. Constant – do not undergo any changes during an experiment
Types of Variables
2. Attributes – characteristics of people: intelligence, creativity,
anxiety, learning styles, etc.
Types of Variables
3. Covariate – included in the research study to create interactions
with the independent
Types of Variables
3. Continuous – quantitative in nature and is used in interval or ratio
scale of measurement
Types of Variables
4. Dichotomous – has only two possible results
Types of Variables
5. Latent – cannot be directedly observed to give proofs or latent
variables
Types of Variables
6. Exogenous
– found
outside an
identified
model

7. Endogenous
– found outside
an identified
model

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