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AGIS Task 5 - Visualising Uncertainty: DGC, Feltham

The document summarizes a workshop on visualizing uncertainty. It introduces the presenters and purpose of the workshop, which is to understand different views on uncertainty and how it can be visualized. The agenda covers defining uncertainty, examining workflows and data requirements, identifying types of uncertainty, and discussing visualization techniques. Uncertainty is distinguished from data quality and can come from spatial, temporal, or attribute aspects of geospatial data. Examples of uncertainty in evacuation and beach landing scenarios are discussed. Types of uncertainty include error, vagueness, ambiguity, and precision. Visualization techniques may represent uncertainty through location, size, color, texture, shape, transparency and other methods.

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84 views39 pages

AGIS Task 5 - Visualising Uncertainty: DGC, Feltham

The document summarizes a workshop on visualizing uncertainty. It introduces the presenters and purpose of the workshop, which is to understand different views on uncertainty and how it can be visualized. The agenda covers defining uncertainty, examining workflows and data requirements, identifying types of uncertainty, and discussing visualization techniques. Uncertainty is distinguished from data quality and can come from spatial, temporal, or attribute aspects of geospatial data. Examples of uncertainty in evacuation and beach landing scenarios are discussed. Types of uncertainty include error, vagueness, ambiguity, and precision. Visualization techniques may represent uncertainty through location, size, color, texture, shape, transparency and other methods.

Uploaded by

agochoad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AGIS Task 5 – Visualising Uncertainty

DGC, Feltham
INTRODUCTIONS

• Dr Ed Figura
– Envitia
• Prof. Mike Jackson
– University of Nottingham
• Dr Adam Rousell
– University of Nottingham

• And...
PURPOSE OF WORKSHOP

• To gain insight into:


– How uncertainty is viewed
– Workflows and data required for tasks
– Types of uncertainty
– Methods for visualising uncertainty
• Predominantly interactive
– We want your views
AGENDA

10:30 Introduction
10:45 What is Uncertainty?
11:30 Tea break
11:45 Workflows and Data Requirements
12:30 Lunch
13:15 Recap
13:20 Types of Uncertainty
14:00 Tea break
14:10 Visualisation Techniques
15:20 Summary & Closing Remarks
15:30 End
What is Uncertainty?
UNCERTAINTY VS. QUALITY

• Important to distinguish between uncertainty and quality as


they are often used interchangeably
• They are intertwined, but still separate items
• Quality can be seen as an understanding of Uncertainty, but
quality comprises of additional aspects and not just
uncertainty measures
UNCERTAINTY

“There are known knowns; there are things we know we know.


We also know there are known unknowns; that is to say, we
know there are some things we do not know.
But there are also unknown unknowns – the ones we don’t know
we don’t know.”

United States Secretary of Defense, Donald Rumsfeld


UNCERTAINTY

Uncertainty is a measure of surety as to whether a particular


perception or observation is true to its reality.

• Generally a description of aspects that affect how close to the


actual value a measured or modelled value is.
– How well a classification fits a feature
– How much precision a phenomena is measured with
• But sometimes we do not have a description of this.
• There will always be uncertainties introduced from things we
know nothing about
QUALITY

“Data quality elements allow for the evaluation of how well


a dataset meets the criteria set forth in its product
specification or user requirements.” (ISO, 2010 pp. 24).

• Quality information used to determine whether the


information should be used – fitness of purpose
• Generally derived through comparison with ground truthing
or existing dataset.
• Not necessarily something that is (or even could be)
propagated and expressed in a final value
ISO 2010. ISO/CD 19157 Geographic Information - Data Quality.
WE ARE CONCERNED WITH UNCERTAINTY

• This project is with regards to uncertainty as opposed to


quality
• More concerned with portraying uncertainty in data so that
decisions can be made regarding it rather than whether the
data should be used or not – that is down to the user to
decide
GEOSPATIAL DATA

• Geospatial data comprises of three main aspects (Chrisman,


1983):
– Spatial
– Temporal
– Attribute
– Also information regarding scale, granularity, dimensionality and
topological correctness although these will generally be addressed in
metadata rather than the data itself
• Each has uncertainty relating to it

CHRISMAN, N. R. 1983. The role of quality information in the long-term functioning of a geographic
information system. Proceedings of AUTO-CARTO 6, 303-21.
SPATIAL UNCERTAINTY

• Location of the feature


TEMPORAL UNCERTAINTY

• Uncertainty introduced due to difference in time of collection


and time of use, and the actual date/time it was collected
• If the data was collected 10 years ago, then there will be more
uncertainty as to how accurate the information is compared
to the current state
• Information gathered at a particular time of day may be
different to that gathered at a different time (i.e. tides impact
the water level throughout the day, so the variation should be
identified)
TEMPORAL UNCERTAINTY

Photos taken 6 hours apart

Image reproduced with permission, source: http://ibbly.com/Tides.html


ATTRIBUTE UNCERTAINTIES

• Uncertainty relating to the attributes of a feature:


– Building classification
– River speed
– Tree height
• Uncertainty depends on the attribute
OVERALL UNCERTAINTY

• Each of these contribute to the overall uncertainty of the


data.
• We may only be concerned with one, but normally it will be a
combination
• Knowing the central point of a tree may not be useful without
knowing it’s height and spread
WHAT DOES UNCERTAINTY MEAN TO
YOU?

• That is what we see as uncertainty


• What are your views on uncertainty?
11:30 – 11:45

TEA BREAK
Workflows & Data Requirements
WORKFLOWS & DATA REQUIREMENTS

• Important to understand the processes data moves through to


identify the uncertainty that exists in an end product
• Different stages may introduce additional uncertainties
WORKFLOWS

• Workflows are the process that data has to go through from


collection to use
– Data collection
– Classification
– Modelling
– Visualisation
– Interpretation
DATA REQUIREMENTS

• What data is needed to allow a successful planning and


execution of an operation
• Input data
• Derived data
• Data types (raster/vector)
SCENARIOS

• For the following scenarios what are the workflow processes


and what data is required?
• Non-Combatant Evacuation
– Operation to evacuate civilians and government personnel from a city
in a country where civil war has broken out. Aim is to avoid conflict
with either party.
• Beach Landing Operation
– It has been decided that troops need to be moved into the combat
arena to rescue hostages held in a facility close to the shore line. Using
the beach as a landing site has been deemed the best entrance to the
area.
12:30 – 13:15

LUNCH BREAK
Recap
RECAP OF THE MORNING

• What is Uncertainty?
• Workflows and Data Requirements?
– Evacuation operation
– Beach landing operation
Types of Uncertainty
TYPES OF UNCERTAINTY

• We know that uncertainty exists in data, so what forms does it


take?
• Again, we want your ideas of the types you think exist.
TYPES OF UNCERTAINTY

• Different types of uncertainty present in different pieces of


data
• Attribute uncertainty is particularly problematic due to the
different types of data
• Some types identified:
Vagueness
Error

Precision Judgement
Ambiguity
Completeness
SCENARIOS

• Looking at the scenarios again and the data/processes


identified, what types of uncertainty are present?
• Evacuation
• Beach Landing
14:00 – 14:10

TEA BREAK
Visualisation Techniques
VISUALISATION TECHNIQUES

• Major part of the project – What are the best visualisation


techniques for portraying uncertainty information?
• Consider not just visual but also audio, haptic etc.
VISUALISATION TECHNIQUES

• Methods for visually representing information (MacEachren et


al. 2012):
Location Size

Colour Texture
Hue Orientation
Value Grain
Saturation Arrangement

Shape Fuzziness

Transparency

MacEachren, A.M., Roth, R.E., O’Brien, J., Li, B., Swingley, D. and Gahegan, M. 2012: Visual Semiotics &
Uncertainty Visualization: An Empirical Study. IEEE Transactions on Visualization & Computer Graphics
18, 2496-2505
VISUALISATION TECHNIQUES

• Also can use:


– Animation
– Sound
– Haptic
– Text
– Graphs
VISUALISATION TECHNIQUES

• Individual uncertainty values


• Compound uncertainties
• Visualise with the data or separately?
VISUALISATION TECHNIQUES

• What methods are currently being used?


• Suggestions for possible techniques
Summary & Closing
SUMMARY & CLOSING

• Summary of discussions
• Thank you for attending and contributing
• Thank you to the DGC for hosting us

• Contact:
Dr Adam Rousell
University of Nottingham
[email protected]

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