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Test of Significant Relationship

This document discusses different statistical tests that can be used to analyze relationships between variables, including correlation and association. It explains that correlation analysis uses correlation coefficients and p-values to evaluate the strength, direction, and statistical significance of relationships between interval/ratio variables. Parametric tests like Pearson correlation assume normality and linearity, while non-parametric tests like Spearman's rank-order correlation do not. Chi-square tests can examine associations between categorical variables. Results should report the test used along with the correlation coefficient or chi-square value and significance level.

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248 views17 pages

Test of Significant Relationship

This document discusses different statistical tests that can be used to analyze relationships between variables, including correlation and association. It explains that correlation analysis uses correlation coefficients and p-values to evaluate the strength, direction, and statistical significance of relationships between interval/ratio variables. Parametric tests like Pearson correlation assume normality and linearity, while non-parametric tests like Spearman's rank-order correlation do not. Chi-square tests can examine associations between categorical variables. Results should report the test used along with the correlation coefficient or chi-square value and significance level.

Uploaded by

NestorJepolanCapiña
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TEST OF SIGNIFICANT

RELATIONSHIP/
ASSOCIATION
Correlation Analysis
Correlation is a statistical technique
that can show how strongly pairs of
variables are related.
Examples:
(1) score and the no. of hours studying
(2) extent of experience and
competence at work
Correlation Analysis
 The correlation coefficient, r describes the
extent of correlation between the variables.
 One can have idea on the significance,
direction, and strength of the relationship
Ranges from -1.0 to +1.0
Extent: -1.0 or +1.0, strong; close 0, weak;
 The p-value shows the extent of statistical
significance; that is, as to data provide
sufficient evidence that correlation between
the variables is significant.
Rule of the thumb: p-value < α =1%, 5%, 10%
What test should be used?
Relationship
 Pearson Correlation (Pearson Product-Moment
Correlation)
 Kendall’s Tau-b Correlation
 Spearman’s Rank-Order Correlation

Association
 Chi-square
PARAMETRIC STAT

ASSUMPTIONS
 The two variables considered should be measured
at the interval or ratio level.
 There is linear relationship between the two
variables (ex. use scatterplot to check the
linearity)
 The variables should be approximately normally
distributed.
PARAMETRIC STAT

ASSUMPTIONS
 The two variables considered should be measured
at the interval or ratio level.
PARAMETRIC STAT

ASSUMPTIONS
 There is linear relationship between the two
variables (ex. use scatterplot to check the
linearity)
PARAMETRIC STAT

ASSUMPTIONS
 There is linear relationship between the two
variables (ex. use scatterplot to check the
linearity)
PARAMETRIC STAT

ASSUMPTIONS
 There should be no significant outliers.
PARAMETRIC STAT

Case 1: Normal

ASSUMPTION
 The
variables
should be
approxi- Case 2: Non-normal
mately
normally
distributed.
Non-PARAMETRIC STAT

Kendall’s Tau-b Correlation, 𝑟𝑘


(Preferably used for small sample size non-
normal quantitative data)

ASSUMPTIONS
 The two variables should be measured on
an at least ordinal scale.
 There is monotonic relationship between
the two variables – Y goes in one direction
as X changes.
Non-PARAMETRIC STAT

Spearman’s Rank-Order
Correlation, 𝑟𝑠
Assumptions:
1. The two variables considered should be
measured on an ordinal, or interval or ratio
level.
2. There is monotonic relationship between the
two variables.
Non-PARAMETRIC STAT

Chi-square Test for Association


This test is used to determine whether there is
significant association between two categorical
variables.
Significant value (p-value): We want to compare
this value to the default value of α (level of
significance), which is set to 0.05 or 5%. The
decision rule is: If p-value is lesser than α, then
there is significant association between the two
variables. Otherwise, association is not significant.
Presentation of Results
Presentation of Results

High Association (≥ 0.50), Moderate Association (0.30 − 0.49),


Low Association (0.10 − 0.29), and Little, if there is any association (0.00 − 0.09).

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