Gas Purging Optimises Root Welds

EFFECT OF PWHT ON MECHANICAL
AND CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF

CARBON STEEL WELD WITH LOW
ALLOY STEEL
Guided By:
Dr. Supratik Roychowdhary
CED, BARC
Technical Advisor: Presented By:

Smt. K.J.Umrani Gagandeep Singh
QAD,NPCIL QAD, NPCIL
Outline
 Introduction
 Objectives
 Literature Survey
 Scope of Work
 Details of Work done so far
 Remaining Work
INTRODUCTION
• Background of Project Work

• Flow Accelerated Corrosion
• PWHT
• Selection of Pipe Material
Objectives
• To check whether it is beneficial to give PWHT
when it is not requirement as per Standard
• To see the relative effect of PWHT at different

temperature on Mechanical and Corrosion
behavior
Literature Survey
S. No. Author Area of Work Remark & Observation
1 Vivekanand Kain Flow Accelerated 1. Problems with FAC

Corrosion: Forms, 2. Replacement of Carbon steel
Mechanism and Case with LAS
Studies
2 Chenge Zhang Effect of PWHT on C-Mn 1.Grain boundary ferrite softened

,Shinua metal weld 2.Change in microstructure
Yang,Dongpo
Wang
3 Ahmad Elrefaey , Evolution of 1. Increase in Toughness due to

Andrew J. microstructure and PWHT
Leonard , Yashar Toughness in 2.25 Cr -1 Mo 2. Effect of Heat Input on
Javadi Mechanical Properties
S. No. Author Area of Work Remark & Observation
4 Benjamin King Welding and PWHT of 1.Various Phases during
2.25%Cr-1Mo Steel Cooling
2.Regions in Weld
3.Formation of Carbides
5 A. H.V Pavan , Analysis of SA-106 Gr.B Inclusions coupled with

Kulvir Singh Pipe Failure overstress lead to failure
6 Khaleel Ahmad,J PWHT-Case Studies Principle of Stress relief and
Krishnan case studies
7 R. Scott Key concepts in Welding Requirement of PWHT and
Fundreburk Engineering Post Heating
8 Peter Mayr , John Microstructural features , Difference in alloy
A. Siefert , Mechanical properties composition leads to carbon
Christian and high temp. failures of diffusion during welding ,
Schlacher dissimilar welds PWHT and Long term service
at Elevated Temperatures
9 Atomic Energy Welding of Carbon Steel Heat treatment and Defects in
Control Board Vessels without PWHT Welding
S. No. Author/ Area of Work Remark & Observation
Institution
10 Varun Sharma , AS Quenched and Tempered •Variation in Phases and

Shahi Steel Welded with Micro- Microhardness due to variable
alloyed Ferritic fillers metallurgical weld
composition
•Improvement in Mechanical
Properties due to
Microalloying
11 ASME Section II Material Standard Material Properties and

Electrode Selection
Scope of Work
• Selection of Filler , Electrodes and preparation
of Welded Specimen
• Performing of Mechanical test like Tensile test ,
Impact test, Microhardness Test and
Microstructural Analysis etc.
• Corrosion Behavior analysis
Work Done So Far
• Literature Survey
• Welded specimen prepared
• Tensile , Impact , Hardness Test done
• Microstructure Analysis done
Preparation of Welded Specimen
Welding Parameters
A5.28 C Mn Si P S Ni Cr Mo Cu
ER90S-B3 0.07- 0.40- 0.40- 0.025 0.025 0.20 2.3-2.7 0.90- 0.35
0.12 0.70 0.70 1.20
A5.5 C Mn Si P S Ni Cr Mo Cu
E9018-B3 0.05- 0.90 0.80 0.03 0.03 0.20 2.0-2.5 0.90- -
0.12 1.20
Layer AWS No. Size Current Voltage Travel Heat Input Shielding Backing gas
No. (A) (V) Speed (KJ/mm) gas flow flowrate
(mm/min) rate(L/min) (L/min)
1 2.4 80-110 11-13 49.70 1.06-1.73 8-10 13-15

ER90S-B3
2 2.4 110-130 11-13 89.95 0.81-1.13 8-10 13-15
3 3.15 120-130 23-25 120.11 1.38-1.62 - -
4 3.15 122-126 23-25 121.25 1.39-1.56 - -
5 3.15 122-128 23-26 118.31 1.42-1.69 - -
6 3.15 122-128 23-26 116.18 1.45-1.72 - -
7 3.15 122-128 23-26 119.23 1.41-1.67 - -
E9018-B3
8 3.15 122-128 23-26 117.17 1.44-1.70 - -
9 3.15 122-128 23-26 118.15 1.42-1.69 - -
10 3.15 122-129 23-26 121.25 1.39-1.66 - -
11 3.15 122-129 23-26 119.22 1.41-1.69 - -
12 3.15 122-129 23-26 123.27 1.37-1.63 - -
PWHT
900
800
700
600
Temperature(oC)
500 600
650
400 700
750
300
800
200
100
0
0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0
Time(In Hrs.)
Tensile Test
Stress Vs Strain Curve
550.000
500.000
450.000
400.000
350.000
Stess (MPa)
300.000 ASWELDED Stress(MPa)

600C
250.000 650C
700C
200.000
750C
800C
150.000
100.000
50.000
0.000
0.000 0.100 0.200 0.300 0.400 0.500
Strain
UTS
520.00
500.00
480.00
UTS(MPa)
460.00
440.00
420.00
400.00
AS Welded 600oC 650oC 700oC 750oC 800oC
Ultimate Tensile Strength 505.87 484.85 474.18 456.00 435.56 440.24
Elongation & RA
Elongation % Reduction in Area (%)
70
59.77
60
52.77 53.14
50.19 50.76
50 46.68
Percentage(%)
40
30 26.80 25.58
25.18
21.92
19.52 20.64
20
10
0
AW 600C 650C 700C 750C 800C
Specimen Condition
IMPACT TEST
Charpy Test Data
350.00
300.00
Energy Absorbed(J)
250.00
200.00
150.00
100.00
50.00
0.00
As Welded 600oC 650oC 700oC 750oC 800oC
SA-106Gr.B(HAZ) 69.33 72.67 102.00 105.00 112.00 64.00
SA-335 P22(HAZ) 79.33 134.67 168.67 278.67 290.67 78.00
SA-106Gr.B(HAZ) SA-335 P22(HAZ)

Microstructure Examination
• Preparation of Specimen
• Etching with Nital Solution
• Examination under 100X
• Images
Microhardness
250
200
150
HV100
BM(SA-106 Gr.B)
HAZ (SA-106 Gr.B)
100
50
0
1 2 3 4 5 6
Specimen
Microhardness
400
350
300
250
HV100
200
BM(SA-335 P22)
HAZ (SA-335 P22)
150
100
50
0
1 2 3 4 5 6
Specimen
Future Plan of Work
• Conduct Microhardness mapping
• Corrosion experiments
• Comparison of experimental results
• Validation of the results with explaination
• Conclusion
THANK YOU

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EFFECT OF PWHT ON MECHANICAL

AND CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF

Technical Advisor: Presented By:

• Background of Project Work

• To see the relative effect of PWHT at different

1 Vivekanand Kain Flow Accelerated 1. Problems with FAC

2 Chenge Zhang Effect of PWHT on C-Mn 1.Grain boundary ferrite softened

3 Ahmad Elrefaey , Evolution of 1. Increase in Toughness due to

5 A. H.V Pavan , Analysis of SA-106 Gr.B Inclusions coupled with

10 Varun Sharma , AS Quenched and Tempered •Variation in Phases and

11 ASME Section II Material Standard Material Properties and

1 2.4 80-110 11-13 49.70 1.06-1.73 8-10 13-15

300.000 ASWELDED Stress(MPa)

SA-106Gr.B(HAZ) SA-335 P22(HAZ)

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