CHAPTER I

THE POLICE ORGANIZATON

The word police comes from the Latin politia which
means “civil administration”, which itself derives from the
Ancient Greek “polis”, which means “city”. The term
police refers to a body of civil authority, which is task to
maintain peace and order; enforce the law; protect lives
and properties; and, ensure public safety.
the police are the society’s first line of defense against
crime and criminality. They are agents or agencies
authorized to use force and other forms of coercion and
legal means to effect public and social order.
Police or Law Enforcement is the agency of a community
or government that is responsible for maintaining public
order and preventing and detecting crime.
History of the Police Force
 Early police were typically either military or semi-military organizations
that evolved from the personal bodyguards of rulers and warlords or
from community organizations to which citizens banded together for
unusual protection. The duties of the military type of police consisted
of keeping the public order and enforcing the religious or political
mandates of those in power. Rome, under Emperor Augustus, had
one of the earliest forms of organized policing.
In 7 B.C., Augustus divided Rome into14 regions (wards), each
divided into vici (precincts) overseen by the vicomagestri
responsible for fire protection, among other administrative and
religious duties.
In A.D. 6, after a particularly bad fire, Augustus expanded the
city’s fire brigade into corps, consisting of seven squads, or cohorts
of 1,000 freedmen each. Each cohorts was responsible for fire and
, especially at night, police protection in two regions.
To further impose order on the often violent streets of his
city of nearly 1,000,000, Augustus created three cohorts
of police, part of the army of the state, who were placed
under the command of te urban prefect. These cohorts
could, in turn, call upon the emperor’s own bodyguard
(the Praetorian Guard) for assistance.
 In Japan, the shogun, ruler of 17th century feudal system devised
an elaborate police system in which each castle town had a
military samurai warrior who served as town magistrate, judge, and
chief of police. He appointed other sword-carrying samurai (yoriki
and doshin) to serve as a patrolling police force.
 In the early 1700s, the Russian tsars also established a police system
to enforce their laws. Tsar Nicholas I later extended the powers of
this police force and turned it into an early form of state political
police- the dreaded Okhranka.
 The other structure of early policing, consisting of citizens banding
together for mutual protection, was best evidenced by the
frankpledge system of early England. This beginning is communal
policing eventually led to the development of the Metropolitan
Police Act and a British police system that served as the model for
most modern police forces.
The 10 most important Russian Tsar
• Ivan the Terrible (1547-1584)
• Boris Godunov (1598)
• Michael I (1613-1645)
• Peter the Great (1682-1725)
• Elizabeth of Russia (1741-1762)
• Katherine the Great
• Alexander I (1801-1825)
• Nicholas I (1825-1855)
• Alexander II (1855)
• Nicholas II (1894-1919)
 In the year 1712, the Carabineros de Seguridad Publica was organized
as a mounted riflemen or cavalry whose duties expanded in 1781 from a
special commission as government custodian of the tobacco monopoly
to a distinct group charged with the duties of a harbour, port, border
and river police.
 In January 8, 1836 by virtue of a Royal Decree, the Rural Police known as
the Guardrilleros were established in each town. The law provided that
five percent of able bodied male inhibitants of each province was to be
drafted in the police service for a three year tour of duty
 In February 12, 1852, the Guardia Civil was organized with the dual
function of a soldier and a policeman whose duties ranges from the
suppression of brigandage by means of patrolling unsettled territories,
detention of petty and local insurrection, the enforcement of task
collection and was armed as the Spanish infantry to partially relieved the
Spanish Peninsula troops of their work in policing towns. The
establishment of Guardia Civil gave the Spanish colonizers a tremendous
control through a centralized police administration which established the
supreme head to determine the policies to be pursued in law
enforcement and the maintenance of peace and order.
On September 8, 1966, RA 4864 was enacted known as
the Police Act of 1966. this law provided the legal
guideline in understanding at a national level reform
which contributed to the improvement of police
efficiency and performance. To implement its
objectives the National Police Commission was
created.
During the Martial Law Regime of President Ferdinand
E. Marcos, the Integrated National Police was
organized by virtue of PD 765 in August 8, 1975. it was
composed of the Philippine Constabulary as the
nucleus and the INP forces as components under the
Department of National Defense.
Republic Act 6975 which was enacted December 13,
1990 created the Philippine National Police, among
others like the Bureau of Fire Protection, the Bureau of Jail
Management and Penology and the Philippine Public
Safety College under the reorganized Department of the
Interior and Local Government.
The law paved the way for the achievement of a
Philippine police force which is civilian in character
national in scope as it is the mandate of the Philippine
constitution to “promote peace and order, ensure public
safety and further strengthen local government
capability aimed towards the effective delivery of the
basic services to the citizenry through the establishment
of a highly efficient and component police force that is
national in scope and civilian in character”.
Republic Act 8551, known as “The PNP Modernization Act
of 1998” pave the way to have national police that is
civilian in nature and accountable to the public to who,
it was sworn to protect and to serve as it is the “policy of
the State to establish a highly efficient and competent
police force which is national in scope and civilian in
character administered and controlled by a national
police commission. The Philippine National Police (PNP)
shall be a community and service oriented agency
responsible for the maintenance of peace and order
and public safety.
Republic Act of 9708 further increases the morale and
welfare of the personnel of Philippine National Police by
removing all types of cases filed against the police
officer in relation to the performance of their respective
function- commonly known as service-related cases
administratively, civilly or criminally- be no longer a bar to
their promotion. This is a big leap to the road map of
increasing the rights and upgrading the protection of the
police officer.
FUNDAMENTAL THEORIES OF POLICE SERVICE
The Home Rule Theory – Law enforcers or policemen are
regarded as servants of the community.
In this concept, policemen are civil servants whose key
duty is the preservation of peace and security.

Continental Theory – In this concept, policemen are

regarded as state or servants of the higher authorities.
Police are organized to serve the interest of the
government, primarily. Officers are appointed
government officials that meet the interest of their
government.
The Old Concept – also called “Reactive Method” where
the efficiency and effectiveness of the police service is
having the impression of being merely suppressive
machinery or an arm of the government to prevent
unwanted individual or groups from executing their ill
intentions to the public and to the government. This
philosophy advocates that the yardstick of the police
competence is the increasing number of arrests,
throwing offenders in detention facilities rather than
trying to prevent them from committing crimes.
The Modern Concept- also called the “Proactive
Method” where the thought of police service regards
police as the first line of defense of the criminal justice
system, an organ of crime prevention, that the police are
the vanguards of the community. Police officers are
always present, not only to perform their respective
duties, but more importantly, to assure the general public
and government that somebody is available.
TESTED POLICE PRINCIPLES
LEADERSHIP
Be Knowledgeable- everything that takes place in your
office be known to you.
The Commander should always be informed- everything
that takes place must be known to the Commander, as he
will be the one accountable to it.
Seek the Welfare of your Men- in order for the police unit to
perform well, each member should know what they should
be doing and that each of their performance should be
doing and that each of their performance should be
executed properly in order not to hinder other members of
their unit; in return, the Commander should be able to
understand the needs of each member of his unit.
 Do not trust even the walls- as a leader, one must be able
to encourage compartmentalization with each
subordinates in order not to comprise the entire work.
ADMINISTRATIVE
Related tasks in process, purpose, method or clientle
should be grouped together; whenever practicable ,every
function of the police force shall be assigned ,to each
respective unit.
On administrative side, personnel records and
management, logistics and supply management,
comptrollership and financial matters, planning, human
resource and doctrine development, research and
development and information and communication
technology management.
 On operational side, intelligence, operations, police
community relations, investigations and integrated police
operations.
Lines of Authority and Chain of Command should be
clearly defined and established. Line of Authority is the
path of reference of taking the order or to report. Chain
of Command refers to the officer next in line to assume
control in the absence or when the Commander was
unable to perform his function as one.
The Span of Control of a supervisor or units shall not be
more than what he can effectively coordinate.
A group of personnel must have only one supervisor- in
order not to have conflict in tasking, one commander or
chief is placed to supervise all police units and personnel
under him.
Proper Flow of Communication- all types of
correspondence must passed thru channels, depending to
whom the communication is addressed to. If outside the
unit, then the signatory must be the Chief of the said unit;
and, if within the unit, then the signatory must be the chief
of the office concerned.
Staff and line function must be defined- every office in the
police organization is identified and their function clear.
Operational
Ensure yourself on the right track
Do not leave trash behind
Supervisory
you are accountable to everything that takes place
Before you received it, count it.

Organization
In police management, it is the arrangement of people
with common purpose and objective in a manner to
enable the performance of related tasks by individuals
grouped for the purpose.
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!