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    Aujeszky's Disease

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    Frances Chew
    Caitlin Sloan

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    Aujeszky's Disease

    Uploaded by

    Frances Chew
    55 views30 pages
    Caitlin Sloan

    Original Description:

    In pigs

    Original Title

    aujeszky's disease

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    Caitlin Sloan

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    55 views30 pages

    Aujeszky's Disease

    Uploaded by

    Frances Chew
    Caitlin Sloan

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 30

    Aujeszky’s Disease

    Pseudorabies, Mad Itch


    Overview
    • Organism
    • Economic Impact
    • Epidemiology
    • Transmission
    • Clinical Signs
    • Diagnosis and Treatment
    • Prevention and Control
    • Actions to Take
    ETIOLOGY
    Aujeszky’s Disease Virus
    • Alphaherpesvirus
    – Genus: Varicellovirus
    – Single serotype
    • Highly contagious
    • Natural hosts
    – Domestic and feral swine
    • Can become latent carriers
    – Most mammals are susceptible
    IMPORTANCE
    History
    • 1902, Hungary
    – Aujeszky first identifies ADV in cattle and
    dogs
    – Determines swine are natural hosts
    • 1931, U.S.
    – “Mad itch” recognized as Aujeszky’s
    disease
    • 1983, U.S.
    – 18.8% U.S. breeding swine seropositive
    Pseudorabies Eradication
    • 1989
    – National Pseudorabies Eradication Program
    implemented
    • USDA-APHIS, States and producers
    • Over 8000 herds identified
    • 2004
    – U.S. commercial swine herds declared
    pseudorabies free
    – Still present in feral swine
    Economic Impact
    • Trade restrictions
    • 1988 study – U.S. epizootic
    – Newborn pig mortality
    • 76.5% of total net losses (TNL)
    • Estimated $24/inventoried sow/week
    – Nursery pig mortality (12.6% TNL)
    – Sow culling and deaths (9.4% TNL)
    EPIDEMIOLOGY
    Geographic Distribution

    • PSEUDORABIES SEROPREVALENCE IN
    PHILIPPINE SWINE FARMS CU Maala1 , MS
    Cruz2 , AC Bulay1 , RT Lising3
    Morbidity/Mortality
    • Disease most common in pigs
    • Morbidity
    – Up to 100%
    – Up to 20% abortions
    – Often no signs
    in feral pigs
    • Mortality
    – Highest in younger animals
    – Decreases with age
    – Always fatal in other species
    TRANSMISSION
    Transmission: Pigs
    • Most common
    – Respiratory
    – Oral
    – Nose-to-nose contact
    • Aerosol
    • Fomites
    – Contaminated bedding and water
    – Meat products or carcasses
    • Venereal – feral swine
    • Latent carriers possible
    Transmission: Other Species
    • Contact with infected pigs
    • Ingestion of contaminated raw meat
    • Rarely lateral transmission
    ANIMALS AND
    AUJESZKY’S DISEASE
    Clinical Signs: Pigs
    • Incubation period: 2 to 6 days
    • < 1 week old piglets
    – Fever, listlessness, anorexia
    – Neurological signs
    • Tremors, paddling, seizures, dog-sitting
    – High mortality within 24 to 36 hours
    • Older piglets
    – Similar signs
    • Vomiting and respiratory
    – Lower mortality
    Clinical Signs: Pigs
    • Weaned pigs
    – Respiratory and
    – neurological signs
    – Recover in 5 to 10 days
    • Adult pigs
    – Mild or inapparent infection
    – Respiratory and neurological signs
    – Pregnant sows: reproductive signs
    • Feral swine often asymptomatic
    Clinical Signs: Other Species
    • Cattle and sheep
    – Intense pruritus
    • Licking, rubbing, gnawing, self-
    mutilation
    – Neurological signs
    • Dogs and cats
    – Similar to cattle and sheep
    – Resembles rabies
    • Death in 1 to 2 days
    Post Mortem Lesions
    • Lesions often subtle or absent
    • Serous or fibrinonecrotic rhinitis
    • Pulmonary edema, congestion, consolidation
    • Congested and hemorrhagic
    lymph nodes
    • Necrotic foci in other organs
    Microscopic Lesions
    • Pigs
    – Neurological
    • Nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis
    – Respiratory
    • Necrotic tonsillitis, bronchitis, bronchiolitis,
    alveolitis
    – Focal necrosis
    • Other species
    – Spinal cord lesions
    Differential Diagnosis
    • Pigs
    – Porcine polioencephalomyelitis
    – Classical or African swine fever
    – Hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis infection
    – Streptococcal meningoencephalitis
    – Swine influenza
    – Erysipelas
    – Nipah virus infection
    – Salt or organic poisoning
    • Other species
    – Rabies
    – Scrapie in sheep
    Diagnosis: Laboratory
    • Clinical signs suggestive
    • Virus isolation
    • Detection of viral DNA or antigens
    – Immunofluorescence, immunoperoxidase,
    virus neutralization assays, PCR
    • Serology
    – Virus neutralization, latex agglutination, ELISAs
    Disease has not been reported
    in humans
    AUJESZKY’S DISEASE
    IN HUMANS
    PREVENTION AND CONTROL
    Recommended Actions
    • IMMEDIATELY notify authorities
    • Federal
    – Area Veterinarian in Charge (AVIC)
    www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/area_offices/

    • State
    – State Animal Health Officials
    www.usaha.org/Portals/6/StateAnimalHealthOfficials.pdf

    • Quarantine

    Center for Food Security and Public Health,


    Iowa State University, 2011
    Quarantine and Disinfection
    • Isolation and testing of new
    animals
    • Biosecurity measures
    – Prevent entry
    – Double fencing
    • Disinfection
    – Phenols, quaternary ammonium
    compounds
    – Inactivated by heat, sunlight
    Prevention
    • Depopulation and repopulation
    – Premises cleaned, disinfected
    – Left empty for 30 days
    • Test and removal
    – Test breeding herd monthly
    – Remove positive animals
    • Offspring segregation
    – Vaccinate breeding herd
    – Remove young weaned pigs
    Vaccination
    • Protects pigs from clinical signs
    • Decrease virus shedding
    • Does not provide sterile immunity or prevent
    latent infections
    • Attenuated, inactivated, gene-deleted
    vaccines
    – Vaccinated pigs which become infected can
    be detected
    Additional Resources
    • USDA-APHIS website
    – www.aphis.usda.gov
    • World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) website
    – www.oie.int
    • Center for Food Security and Public Health
    – www.cfsph.iastate.edu/DiseaseInfo/
    • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
    Nations (FAO) website
    – www.fao.org
    Acknowledgments
    DCenter for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State
    University, 2011
    evelopment of this presentation was made possible through grants
    provided to
    the Center for Food Security and Public Health at Iowa State
    University, College of Veterinary Medicine from
    the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
    the U.S. Department of Agriculture,
    the Iowa Homeland Security and
    Emergency Management Division, and the
    Multi-State Partnership for Security in Agriculture.

    Authors: Katie Spaulding, BS; Anna Rovid Spickler, DVM, PhD


    Reviewers: James Roth, DVM, PhD; Glenda Dvorak, DVM, MPH, DACVPM; Kerry Leedom Larson, DVM, MPH, PhD

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