Astigmatism is a common vision condition that causes blurred vision. It occurs when the cornea is irregularly shaped or the lens inside the eye is distorted. Symptoms include blurred or distorted vision, difficulty seeing at night, eyestrain, headaches, and eye irritation. Treatment options include corrective lenses, contact lenses, orthokeratology, and refractive surgery such as LASIK. Nursing care focuses on reducing anxiety, preventing injuries, encouraging socialization, and providing education to the patient.
Astigmatism is a common vision condition that causes blurred vision. It occurs when the cornea is irregularly shaped or the lens inside the eye is distorted. Symptoms include blurred or distorted vision, difficulty seeing at night, eyestrain, headaches, and eye irritation. Treatment options include corrective lenses, contact lenses, orthokeratology, and refractive surgery such as LASIK. Nursing care focuses on reducing anxiety, preventing injuries, encouraging socialization, and providing education to the patient.
Astigmatism is a common vision condition that causes blurred vision. It occurs when the cornea is irregularly shaped or the lens inside the eye is distorted. Symptoms include blurred or distorted vision, difficulty seeing at night, eyestrain, headaches, and eye irritation. Treatment options include corrective lenses, contact lenses, orthokeratology, and refractive surgery such as LASIK. Nursing care focuses on reducing anxiety, preventing injuries, encouraging socialization, and providing education to the patient.
Astigmatism is a common vision condition that causes blurred vision. It occurs when the cornea is irregularly shaped or the lens inside the eye is distorted. Symptoms include blurred or distorted vision, difficulty seeing at night, eyestrain, headaches, and eye irritation. Treatment options include corrective lenses, contact lenses, orthokeratology, and refractive surgery such as LASIK. Nursing care focuses on reducing anxiety, preventing injuries, encouraging socialization, and providing education to the patient.
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ASTIGMATISM
A common vision condition that causes
blurred vision. Occurs when the cornea is irregularly shaped or sometimes because of the curvature of the lens inside the eye. Pathophysiology • The front surface of the eye or the lens inside the eyes has a slightly different surface curvature in one direction from the other. Instead of being even smooth in all directions, the surface may have some areas that are flatter or steeper. Causes The eyes has two parts that focus images: cornea and lens. When these parts aren’t evenly and smoothly curved, it causes light rays to be unevenly focused which causes a refractive error.
CORNEAL ASTIGMATISM LENTICULAR ASTIGMATISM
The cornea has a distorted shape Lens in distorted
It may occur in combination with other refractive errors which include: Nearsightedness or myopia- the cornea is curved too much or the eye is longer than normal. Farsightedness or hyperopia- this occurs when the cornea is curved too little or the eye is shorter than normal Signs and symptoms
• Blurred or distorted vision
• Difficulty seeingat night • Eyestrain • squinting • Headaches • Eye irritation Treatment Corrective lenses and glasses
• Corrective eyeglasses and lenses prescribed by a doctor are the most
common and least invasive treatments for astigmatism. Orthokeratology (Ortho-K)
• Orthokeratology is a treatment that uses rigid contact
lenses to temporarily correct irregular curvature of your cornea. You’ll wear rigid contact lenses for limited periods of time. You may wear them during sleep and then remove them during the day. Some people have clear vision during the day without corrective lenses when undergoing Ortho=K. The benefits of Ortho-K are only present when using it. Your vision will return to its previous state after stopping Ortho-K. Surgery • Your doctor may recommend refractive surgery if you have a severe case. This type of surgery involves using lasers or small knives to reshape the cornea. This will permanently correct your astigmatism. The three common surgeries for astigmatism are: a. laser in keratomileusis (LASIK)- the procedure involves using laser or surgical blade to create a flap in the cornea. The flap is folded back on the middle section of the cornea. Pulses from a computer-controlled laser vaporize a part of the stroma. The flap is then repositioned, adhering on its own without sutures in a few minutes. b. photorefractive keratectomy (PRK)-only the epithelium is removed, the laser sculps the cornea to correct the refractive error. c. and radial keratotomy (RK)- cutting into the cornea of the eye Nursing Diagnoses WITH NURSING INTERVENTIONS Fear and anxiety related to visual impairment manifested by blurring of vision
Reduce fear and anxiety- Various physical examination and diagnostic
examination with the patient and explain about the diagnosis and treatment plan are interventions that can increase patient participation care. In turn, the patient will feel a sense of control and autonomy. Which can help reduce fear and anxiety. Risk for injury related to distorted vision
• Escort the patient around
• Provide adequate lighting for increased visibility • Eliminates clutter, spills and glare from floor to prevent tripping • Remove rugs • Use of vision correcting device Social isolation related to limited ability to participate in social activities and diversion activities secondary to impaired vision manifested by blurred vision and eyestrain
Encourage socialization and coping skills- Anxiety is usually suffered by
patients with eye disorders require the same needs with physical needs. Dependence on patient’s vision becomes real when someone loses vital senses, temporarily or permanently. Anxiety, fear, anger, denial, withdrawal can also occur. The nurse gives the patient the opportunity to express feelings, then can take steps to learn, cope and adjust. Knowledge deficit related to visual impairment
• Provide patient education about his condition
including facts, the definition, signs and symptoms, treatment and management. Anxiety related to uncertainty of treatment outcome and threat of increased vision loss as evidenced by patient’s statements expressing anxiety and grief regarding threat of worsening vision
• Provide factual information concerning diagnosis, treatment, and
prognosis to enable patient to make informed decisions • Encourage verbalization of feelings, perception, and fears to provide support and identify coping strategies. • Assist patient to articulate a realistic description of expected progress to increase the patient’s coping skills.