This document provides an overview of developing a research proposal. It discusses key elements that should be included such as an introduction describing the problem, a literature review of related studies, methodology for data collection and analysis, and expected results. The document also defines what a research proposal is, lists its main components, and provides guidance on writing an introduction, problem statement, and purpose statement. The goal of a proposal is to lay out a plan for future research on a topic.
This document provides an overview of developing a research proposal. It discusses key elements that should be included such as an introduction describing the problem, a literature review of related studies, methodology for data collection and analysis, and expected results. The document also defines what a research proposal is, lists its main components, and provides guidance on writing an introduction, problem statement, and purpose statement. The goal of a proposal is to lay out a plan for future research on a topic.
This document provides an overview of developing a research proposal. It discusses key elements that should be included such as an introduction describing the problem, a literature review of related studies, methodology for data collection and analysis, and expected results. The document also defines what a research proposal is, lists its main components, and provides guidance on writing an introduction, problem statement, and purpose statement. The goal of a proposal is to lay out a plan for future research on a topic.
This document provides an overview of developing a research proposal. It discusses key elements that should be included such as an introduction describing the problem, a literature review of related studies, methodology for data collection and analysis, and expected results. The document also defines what a research proposal is, lists its main components, and provides guidance on writing an introduction, problem statement, and purpose statement. The goal of a proposal is to lay out a plan for future research on a topic.
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PROPOSAL DEVELOPMENT
LECTURE # 1: INTRODUCTION
1 2 3 4 RESEARCH PROPOSAL
Any research study should have a proper
proposal in written form before it is actually carried out It is like a blue print of a building plan before the construction starts Writing a research proposal is both science and art. A good research proposal is based on scientific facts and on the art of clear communication. Writing a formal research proposal should be started by the time one has decided on the topic for the study RESEARCH PROPOSAL – DEFINITIONS - 1 “… the meaning of proposal … suggests looking forward, to what the researcher plans to do in the future. … The proposal lays out the problem for research, describes exactly how the research will be conducted, and outlines in precise detail the resources – both factual and instrumental – the researcher will use to achieve the desired results.” Leedy & Omrod, Practical Research. 8th ed, p. 117, 115. RESEARCH PROPOSAL – DEFINITIONS - 2
“A research proposal is a document that
describes the essential features of a study to be conducted in the future, as well as the strategy whereby the inquiry may be logically and successfully accomplished.” Busha & Harter, Research Methods in Librarianship, p. 343. RESEARCH PROPOSAL - DEFINITIONS - 3
“The academic research proposal is a
structured presentation of what you plan to do in research and how you plan to do it.” Smith, p. 34 RESEARCH PROPOSAL – MAIN ELEMENTS
An outline of the research problem
A statement of the significance of the problem A review of related studies
A discussion of the procedures
Methods for data collection and analysis
A note about the study’s limitations
COMPONENTS OF A RESEARCH PROPOSAL Title of the proposal Background of the problem Statement of the problem Research objectives, questions, hypotheses Significance of the study Review of related literature Definition of terms Delimitations and limitations Research methods and procedures Expected results References 13 PUNCH, K. F. (2007). DEVELOPING EFFECTIVE RESEARCH PROPOSALS (2 ED.). LOS ANGELES, CA: SAGE PUBLICATIONS. 15 WRITING AN INTRODUCTION OR BACKGROUND The deficiencies model of an ‘introduction’ is a general template for writing a good introduction that consists of five parts.
The research Problem
Studies that have addressed the problem
Deficiencies in the studies
The significance of the study for particular
audiences The purpose statement POTENTIAL SOURCES OF RESEARCH PROBLEMS - 1 Scanning and reading published and unpublished research Disagreeing with some previous research and developing a new study to test its findings Gaps in explanations or in accepted principles Questioning the validity of a generally accepted procedure Replication – Redoing the same thing with an expectation of the same result POTENTIAL SOURCES OF RESEARCH PROBLEMS - 2
Designing and developing of new research tools
and techniques. Developing new models. Studying areas where knowledge or information is scarce, out-of-date, or indefinite Attempting to deal with actual problems. Networking or sharing ideas and information with colleagues. FUNCTIONS OF THE STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Establishes the existence of a unique problem
Relates the problem to its general antecedents
Suggests the benefits to be derived from the
study
Justifies the utility, significance, or interest
inherent in the pursuit of the problems ATTRIBUTES ASSOCIATED WITH THE STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM – TOP NINE
Clarity and precision
Identification of what to study Identification of an overarching question Definition of key concepts / terms Articulation of study’s boundaries / parameters Some generalizability Conveyance of study’s importance, benefits, and justification No use of unnecessary jargon Conveyance of more than descriptive data providing a “snapshot”
(Study four related articles)
COMPONENTS OF THE PROBLEM STATEMENT Any problem statement should contain four elements:
A lead-in [narrative hook]
Declaration of originality (mentioning a knowledge void which would be supported by the literature review Indication of the central focus of the study (purpose statement); and Explanation of study significance or benefits to be derived from an investigation of the problem (Rationale or justification of the study) WRITING A PURPOSE STATEMENT - GUIDELINES Begin with signaling words such as “the purpose or intent of” Indicate the overall intent of the study such as “the intent is to examine the role of school teacher in promoting reading habit” Indicate the research design and strategy such as survey, experiment, etc. Identify the independent and / or dependent variables Use words that connect the variables such as “the relationship between” or “the comparison of” two or more variables Position or order the variables from left to right in purpose statement with independent variable followed by the dependent variable Make reference to the participant (unit of analysis) and mention the research site RESEARCH OBJECTIVES, QUESTIONS, HYPOTHESES
Emerge from the Statement of the Problem
How the research problem is to be prepared to be
approached methodologically
A precise and formal statement
Wording of considerable importance
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY Why this study is significant? Why do it now?
What will it contribute to the existing research
literature? What implications your findings may have?
