New

Material

Presented to :
Dr / samir
m.hammad
Dr / noha
hefnawe
Building
Presented by :
Mohamed hazem 2
Aya alaa
Yara hosam
Mai ehab
Nada mohamed
Manar khairy
 Lecture contacts

1-Nano material
2-smart material
New material
3-polymers
 Nano materials Smart materials
This is a sample text. Insert This is a sample text. Insert
your desired text here. your desired text here.

polymers others
This is a sample text. Insert This is a sample text. Insert
your desired text here. your desired text here.
Nano materials Definition

Examples

Properties

Types and Uses

Applications
 Nano materials

Definitions:

•Nanotechnology : the branch of technology that deals with dimensions and tolerances of less than
100 nanometres, especially the manipulation of individual atoms and molecules , A nanometer is one
billionth of a meter.
Nanotechnology is an extension of the sciences and technologies already developed for many years to
examine the nature of our world at an ever smaller scale.
•Nanoparticles : as a particle that has at least one dimension less than 100 nm. The size of the particle
is very important because at the length scale of the nanometer, i.e. 10-9 m, the properties of the
material actually become affected.
•Graphene : is a monolayer of carbon atoms packed into a honeycomb lattice.
•Carbon nanotubes and nanofibers : are made from Graphene.
•Nanomaterial : is an object that has at least one dimension in the nanometer scale approximately 1-
100nm.
• Nanotechnology is a technology that enables to develop materials with improved or totally new properties.
 Which nano materials are used in construction ?

1- Carbon nanotubes – Expected benefits are mechanical durability and crack prevention
(in cement); enhanced mechanical and thermal properties (in ceramics); real-time
structural health monitoring (NEMS/MEMS); and effective electron mediation (in solar
cells).
2- Silicon dioxide nanoparticles – Expected benefits are reinforcement in mechanical
strength (in concrete); coolant, light transmission, and fire resistance (in ceramics); Silicon dioxide nanoparticles
flame-proofing and anti-reflection (in windows).
3- Titanium dioxide nanoparticles – Expected benefits are rapid hydration, increased
degree of hydration, and self-cleaning (in concrete); superhydrophilicity, anti-fogging,
and fouling-resistance (in windows); non-utility electricity generation (in solar cells).
4- Iron oxide nanoparticles – Expected benefits are increased compressive strength and
abrasion-resistant in concrete.
5- Copper nanoparticles – Expected benefits are weldability, corrosion resistance, and
formability in steel.
6- Silver nanoparticles – Expected benefits are biocidal activity in coatings and paints.
Quantum dots – Expected benefits are effective electron mediation in solar cells.
 Types of Nano materials
1. Nano layers
2. Nano fibers , tubes
3. Nano particles

If graphene layers are

arranged as stacked cones,
cups or plates, it is known as
Carbon nanofibers (CNF) and if
the grapheme layers are
wrapped into perfect
cylinders, they are termed as
Carbon nanotubes (CNT). Graphene layer
 Types of Nano materials

Carbon Nanotubes Carbon Nanofibers Nano particles

 The main and the most important constructions
that are benefitted from nanotechnology are:

1) Construction materials with ultra high performance (high

durability, high ductility and high strength) such as steel,
concrete, polymers and self healing structural composites
2) Embedded structural sensors that could be used for
health and moisture content monitoring such as MEMS and
intelligent aggregates.
3) New coatings such as self cleaning and corrosion
protection coatings.
4) New structural design for infra structures incorporating
strong materials with ultrahigh Ductility.

self cleaning
 Ex:-

New Jubilee Church (Rome, Italy) made of nano

photocatalytic concrete
Cable-Stayed and Suspension bridges
 Applications of Nanotechnology In Construction

Nano-Particles used with building materials are

currently used for producing durable, anti-
bacterial, purified air compound paint and green
building materials. However, some applications
of nanotechnology in construction still remain
as an idea such as for construction of high-rise
buildings, intelligent infrastructure systems,
long-span systems .
One of the most beneficial application using
nano-particles in concrete is producing high- a thin wall reinforced nano concrete
compressive strength concrete equivalent to
rock hardness.
 Applications of Nanotechnology In Construction

Application in concrete:
It has been reported that adding small amount of carbon nanotube
(1%) by weight could increase both compressive and flexural strength.
Cracking is a major concern for many structures. University of
Illinois Urbana-Champaign is working on healing polymers, which
include a microencapsulated healing agent and a catalytic
chemical trigger. When the microcapsules are broken by a crack,
the healing agent is released into the crack and contact with the
catalyst. The polymerization happens and bond the crack faces.
The selfhealing polymer could be especially applicable to fix the
microcracking in bridge piers and columns. But it requires costly
epoxy injection .
 Applications of Nanotechnology In Construction

Application in Steel :
Steel is a major construction material. Its properties,
such as strength, corrosion resistance, and weld ability,
are very important for the design and construction. It is
possible to develop new, low carbon, highperformance
steel (HPS). The new steel was developed with higher
corrosion-resistance and weld ability by incorporating
copper nanoparticles from at the steel grain boundaries.
 Applications of Nanotechnology In Construction

Coating :
The coatings incorporating certain nanoparticles or
nanolayers have been developed for certain purpose. It is
one of the major applications of nanotechnology in
construction. For example, TiO2 is used to coat glazing
because of its sterilizing and anti fouling properties. The
TiO2 will break down and disintegrate organic dirt through
powerful catalytic reaction. Furthermore, it is hydrophilic,
which allow the water to spread evenly over the surface
and wash away dirt previously broken down. Other special
coatings also have been developed, such as anti-fraffiti,
thermal control, energy sawing, antireflection coating
 Applications of Nanotechnology In Construction

Nanosensors :
Sensors have been developed and used in construction to monitor
and/or control the environment condition and the materials/structure
performance. One advantage of these sensors is their dimension
(10 -9m to 10-5m). These sensors could be embedded into the
structure during the construction process. Smart aggregate, a low
cost piezoceramic-based multi-functional device, has been applied to
monitor early age concrete properties such as moisture, temperature,
relative humidity and early age strength development. The sensors
can also be used to monitor concrete corrosion and cracking. The
smart aggregate can also be used for structure health monitoring.
The disclosed system can monitor internal stresses, cracks and other
physical forces in the structures during the structures’ life. It is
capable of providing an early indication of the health of the structure
before a failure of the structure can occur.
 Applications of Nanotechnology In Construction

Concrete, steel, glass, and timbers are the most common materials,
being used in the field of modern .
Summery of nano
 Definition
smart materials
Examples

Properties

Types and Uses

Applications
 Smart materials

definition

• Smart materials:
• They have changeable properties and are able to reversibly change
their shape or colour in response to physical and chemical
influences such as light,temperature, pressure, an electric or
magnetic field, or a chemical stimulus.They can be differentiated
into non smart materials-semi smart materials- and smart materials
Properties of smart materials:

• Self detection
• Self diagnostic
• Self-corrective
• Self heating
• Shock absorbers
• Damage arrest
Types and Uses of Smart Materials
• They are used in civil engineering projects and contribute in increasing performance,
comfortability, and energy efficiency of structure.

Types :-

• 1-Thermostrictie smart materials

• 2. Magnetostrictive Materials
• 3-chemostrictive smart materials
• 4-Photostrictive smart materials
• 5. Electrochromic materials
•
Types and Uses of Smart Materials

• 6. Piezoelectric Materials
• 7. Electrorheological Fluids
• 8-halochromic materials
• Thermostrictive , Piezoelectric ,electroactive, and
chemostrictive smart materials are those that are currently of
the greatest interest in the field of architecture due to their
• 1-availability
• 2-predicted long term stability
1- Thermostrictive smart materials

• Excited by the effect of temperature (thermal energy)

• Thermostrictive smart materials have inherent properties that enable them to
react to ambient temperature changes by reversibly changing their shape
and/or dimensions
In the field of architecture the following thermostrictive smart materials are
available :
THERMAL EXPANSION MATERIALS (TEM)/EXPANSION
MATERIALS (EM)
THERMOBIMETALS (TB)
SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS (SMA)
1- Thermostrictive smart materials

Shape memory alloys and shape memory polymers

are thermoresponsive materials where deformation can be induced and recovered
through temperature changes.
An example is Nitinol (nickel titanium)
Above its transformation temperature nitinol is superelastic able to withstand a
large amount of deformation when a load is applied and return to its original shape
when a load is applied and return to its original shape when the load is removed .
1- Thermostrictive smart materials
• Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs)
Such materials possess the ability to regain to some previously defined shape or size when subjected to
appropriate thermal changes. Shape memory alloys find their applications in new applications in civil
engineering specifically in seismic protection of buildings.
The application of shape memory alloy in civil engineering application, are- repeated absorption of strain
energy without permanent deformation, for obtaining wide range of cyclic behavior, to resist fatigue resistance
under large strain cycles, and due to their great durability and reliability in the long run.
2- Magnetostrictive Materials
• exhibit a change in shape under the influence of magnetic field and also exhibit a change in their
magnetization under the influence of mechanical stress.
• These materials show promise in applications ranging from pumps and valves, to aerospace wind tunnel.
• Excited by the effect of a magnetic field (magnetic energy)

Magnetostrictive Materials Change

Magnetostrictive Materials
Change Their Shape in
Their Shape in Response to Applied
Response to Applied Magnetic Magnetic Field
Field
3- Piezoelectric Materials
• These are the materials possess capability to produce voltage when surface strain is introduced.
Conversely, the materials undergo deformation (stress) when an electric field is applied across it. When
integrated into a structural member, a piezoelectric material generates an electric field in response to
mechanical forces.

• Excited by the effect of pressure or tension(mechanical

energy)
 4- Electrorheological Fluids

• They are the colloidal suspensions that undergo changes in viscosity

when subjected to an electric field. Such fluids are highly sensitive
and respond instantaneously to any change in the applied electric
field. find their application in shock absorbers
 5- Electrochromic materials

They change their color or opacity on

the application of a voltage
These materials alter their light
transmission properties when voltage
is applied.
An electrochromic window, for
example, darkens or lightens
electronically. A small voltage causes
the glazing material to darken, and
reversing the voltage causes it to
lighten
 6- Halochromic materials

• They are commonly materials that change their colour as a result of

changing acidity.
• One suggested application is for paints that can change colour to
indicate corrosion in the metal underneath them
7- Photostrictive smart materials

• Excited by the effect of light (electromagnetic energy) change color

when exposed to light (
• Photochromic materials are used in a wide range of applications.
Certainly we see them used in a wide range of consumer products.
In architecture, they have been used in various window or fac¸ade
treatments, albeit with varying amounts of success
8- Chemostrictive smart materials

• Excited by the effect of a chemical environment (chemical

energy)
Applications of Smart Materials in Construction
• 1. Smart concrete
• (a composite of carbon fibres and concrete) used in smart structures is capable of sensing minute structural cracks / flaws. Unlike
conventional concrete, the smart concrete has higher potential and enhanced strength. A new type of smart concrete contains dormant
bacteria spores and calcium lactate in self-contained pods. When these pods come into contact with water they create limestone, filling
up the cracks and reinforcing the concrete Smart concrete is still being tested to determine how long the
bacteria sustains itself, but researchers are hopeful they will be able to officially introduce
smart concrete to the construction industry very soon.

• It can be used in electromagnetic shielding and for enhanced electrical conductivity of concrete. Smart concrete under loading and unloading process will loose and regain its conductivity, thus
serving as a structural material as well as a sensor.
• Smart concrete plays a vital role in the construction of road pavements as a traffic-sensing recorder, and also melts ice on highways and airfields during snowfall in winter season by passing
low voltage current through it.

• 2. Smart materials have applications in the design of smart buildings. Smart materials are used
for vibration control, noise mitigation, safety and performance.
• 3. In construction of smart buildings, for environmental control, structural health monitoring.
• 4. In smart building, it used to transform efficiency, comfort, and safety for people and assets.
• 5. Smart materials reduce the effects of earthquakes.
Applications of Smart Materials in Construction
2-Shapeshifting Metal
• having a dramatic benefit on the durability of skyscrapers, bridges and homes. Shapeshifting
metals can undergo great stress and temporarily change shape, but they are designed to
‘remember’ their original form and revert back to it if altered in some way. Used in the
construction of a bridge, for example, would help sustain the bridge against damage from a
hurricane or earthquake.
3- self healing coating
• New to the market and already in use are self healing coatings
• used on marine-based structures like ships and oil rigs. The coatings are made with polymers
that innately react with one another when they rupture, creating a process of self healing.
Applications of Smart Materials in Construction
• 4. In marine and rail transport applications for strain monitoring using embedded fibre optic sensors.
• 5. The use of smart materials permits the construction of smart bridges especially cable stayed bridge with
a wider span to avoid the increased susceptibility to vibrations caused by ambient factors such as wind,
rain or traffic. Hence, the structure required less maintenance and the response of the structure can be
monitored.
• 6. They are used to monitor the civil engineering structures to evaluate their durability.
• 7. Smart materials in structures used to monitor the integrity of bridges, dams, offshore oil-drilling towers
where fiber-optic sensors embedded in the structures are utilized to identify the trouble areas.
• 8. They can be used to rehabilitate the cracking of concrete when super elasticity smart material is used as
the reinforcement bar.
Some of smart device in construction
polymers Definition

Examples

Properties

Types and Uses

Applications
polymers

Polymer:
it is a very long molecules typically made up of repeat units
 Polymers properties :

• 1- High strength
• 2-Light weight
• 3-Toughness
• 4-Resilince
• 5- Resistance to corrosion and chemicals
• 6- lack of conductivity(thermal and electrical insulators)
• 7- color
• 8- Transparency
• 9-Low cost
Polymers’ Types and Usages

1- Epoxy resins 7- Poly ethylene

2-Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene 8- Polyisobutylene
ETEF PIB

3- Expanded polystyrene 9- Polypropylene

4- Ethyl vinyl acetate
EVA
10- polyurethane
5-polycarbonate 11- polyvinylchloride
6-Polyster 12- Rubber
Epoxy resins

• Properties:
• 1-strong adhesive qualities
• 2-resistance to heat and chemicals
• 3- durability
• Usage:
• 1- painting
• 2-coatings and sealants
• 3- flooring as chip flooring,terrazo
flooring (reduce the need of
pesticides)
• 4-Fixing quickly glass , ceramics
Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene
ETEF
• Properties:
• 1-high corrosion resistance
• 2-strength
• 3-selfcleaning
• 4-recyclable
• 5- resistant to ultraviolet light
• Usage:
• 1-used instead of glass and hard
plastic in modern buildings
• 2-Fabric structures
Expanded polystyrene

• Properties:
• 1- good thermal insulation
• 2- light weight
• 3-durable
• 4- absorbing properties
• 5- moisture resistance
• 6- recyclable
• Usage:
• 1-building material to white foam packaging
• 2- used in construction as core material
• 3- insulated panel systems for façade , wall, roofs, floors
• 4- used as lightweight fill in road and railway construction
• 5-concrete molds
• 6-insulation
• 7-packaging
Ethyl vinyl acetate
EVA

• Properties:
• 1-resilient
• 2-tough
• 3-crack resistant
• 4- sensitive to heat
• Usage:
• 1- solar panels
• 2- coatings
polycarbonate

• Properties:
• 1- strong
• 2-Tough
• 3-Optically transparent
• 4-high impact resistance
• 5-low scratch resistance
• Usage:
• 1- shatterproof window
• 2- lighting houses
• 3-fittings in hot water system
• 4- glazing
Polyster

• Properties:
• 1- strong
• 2- durable
• 3-hydrophobic in nature
• 4- easily washed and dried
• Usages:
• 1-FRP bridge sections
• 2- cladding panels
• 3-coatings
Poly ethylene

• Properties:
• 1-low strength
• 2- high ductility
• 3-strong creep
• 4- good electric insulator
• Usages:
• 1-foam underlay
• 2-coatings
Polyisobutylene
PIB

• Properties:
• 1-elastromeric properties
• 2- low gas permeability
• 3-low resilience
• Usages:
• 1-waterproof membrane
• 2-glazing sealants
Polypropylene

• Properties:
• 1- light in weight
• 2- high flammable material
• 3-Chemical resistance
• 4- high strenght
• Usages:
• 1-sound insulation
• 2-water pipes
• 3-waste pipes
polyurethane

• Properties:
• 1-hardness
• 2-tensile strength
• 3- impact resistance
• 4-abrasion resistance
• Usages:
• 1-concrete joints
• 2-sealants
polyvinylchloride

• Properties:
• 1- very low density
• 2-very hard
• 3-good tensile strength
• Usages:
• 1-concrete joints
• 2-covering sheets
Rubber

• Properties:
• 1-specific gravity
• 2-abrasion resistance
• 3-resilience
• 4-elongation
• 5- tensile strenght
• Usages:
• 1-bridge bearing
• 2-flooring
others
others
others
others
others
others
others
others
Thank You