Theorems on Limits
Joe Jayson Caletena
Basic Calculus Teacher
OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the session, the students should be
able to:
1. illustrate the limit laws
2. apply the limit laws in evaluating the limit of
algebraic functions (polynomial, rational, and
radical)
ACTIVITY 1: RECALL ME!
Consider the function f(x) whose graph is given State whether and are equal
below. or unequal at a given value of c. Also
state whether or does not exist.
1. c = -3 6. c = 2
2. c = -2 7. c = 2.3
3. c = 0 8. c = 3
4. c = 0.5 9. c = 4
5. c = 1 10. c = 6
ACTIVITY 1: RECALL ME!
Process Questions:
1.How was the activity?
2.Did you answer them all? Why or Why
not?
3.What number is difficult for you to answer
LECTURETTE
THEOREMS ON LIMITS
Limit Theorem 1 If m and b are any constants,
Example:
Limit Theorem 2 If c is a constant, then for any number a,
Example:
LECTURETTE
Limit Theorem 3
Example:
Limit Theorem 4 If and , then
Limit Theorem 5 If and , then
LECTURETTE
Limit Theorem 6 If and n is any positive integer, then
Limit Theorem 7 If and , and , then
Limit Theorem 8 If then
LECTURETTE
Limit Theorem 9 If a is any number except zero, then
Limit Theorem 10 lf n is a positive integer, then
EXERCISES
LECTURETTE
ONE-SIDED LIMITS
DEFINITION
Let f be a function which is defined at every number in some open interval
(a, c).Then the limit of f(x), as x approaches a from the right, is L, written
.
DEFINITION
Let f be a function which is defined at every number in some open interval
(a, c).Then the limit of f(x), as x approaches a from the left, is L, written
.
LECTURETTE
THEOREM 11
exists and is equal to L if and only if and both exist and
both are equal to L.
EXAMPLE 1
Let be defined by
a. Draw the graph of f(x)
b. Determine if it exists.
c. Determine if it exists.
LECTURETTE
EXAMPLE 2
Let g(x) be defined by g
a.Draw and sketch the graph of g
b.Find if it exists.
LECTURETTE
EXAMPLE 3
Let h(x) be defined by h
a.Draw and sketch the graph of h
b.Find each of the following limits if they
exist:
,,
EXERCISES
Draw a sketch of the graph and find the indicated limit if it exists; if
the limit does not exist, give the reason.
LECTURETTE
INFINITE LIMITS
DEFINITION
Let f be a function which is defined at every number in
some open interval f containing a, except possibly at
the number a itself. As x approaches a, f(x) increases
without bound, which is written
LECTURETTE
INFINITE LIMITS
DEFINITION
Let f be a function which is defined at every number in
some open interval f containing a, except possibly at
the number a itself. As x approaches a, f(x) decreases
without bound, which is written
LECTURETTE
THEOREM 12 If r is any positive integer, then
(i)
LECTURETTE
THEOREM 13 lf a is any real number, and if and where c is a
constant not equal to 0, then
(i) If c > 0 and if through positive values (iii) If c < 0 and if through positive
of values of
(ii) If c > 0 and if through negative values (iv) If c < 0 and if through negative
of values of
LECTURETTE
EXAMPLES
LECTURETTE
THEOREM 13
LECTURETTE
THEOREM 14
LECTURETTE
THEOREM 15
EXERCISES
EVALUATE:
