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Atomic Structure

This document discusses the structure of atoms including their history, components, and models. It describes the planetary and shell models of atoms and explains that atoms are made up of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons surrounded by electrons in shells. The document also provides details on the properties of subatomic particles like charge and mass, as well as atomic number, mass, isotopes, and other atomic concepts.

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102 views25 pages

Atomic Structure

This document discusses the structure of atoms including their history, components, and models. It describes the planetary and shell models of atoms and explains that atoms are made up of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons surrounded by electrons in shells. The document also provides details on the properties of subatomic particles like charge and mass, as well as atomic number, mass, isotopes, and other atomic concepts.

Uploaded by

Aditi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Atomic Structure

History
 400 B.C. – Democritus proposed all matter was
made up of small particles called atoms
 Atomic numbers were assigned to elements by
Henry Moseley
 1913- Niels Bohr described the planetary model of
the atom
Planetary model
The Shell Model
 The more accurate model puts a cloud around the
nucleus and electrons move about in shells
 Each shell can hold so many electrons
 Little energy in the most inner shell so only 2
electrons can be found there.
 The farther you get from the nucleus, the more
electrons a shell can hold
The atoms makeup
 This shell model of a hydrogen atom or lead atom
is made up of the same general parts.
 A nucleus made up of protons (1 in Hydrogen and
82 in Lead) and neutrons (usually the same amount
as the protons)
 Floating around the nucleus are electrons
Mass of Subatomic Particles
Particle Charge Mass compared Actual Mass
to electron

Electron Negative 1 9.11x10-31


Proton Positive 1836 1.673x10-27
Neutron Neutral 1841 1.675x10-27
Charges
 The three subatomic particles as they are called
have different charges
 Protons- (+)
 Neutrons- no charge
 Electrons- (-)

Atomic Mass
 The mass of an atom is equal to the number of
protons and neutrons found in the nucleus
 If an atom of carbon has 6 protons and 6 neutrons,
its mass is 12
Atomic Number
 The atomic number found above the chemical
symbol is equal to the number of protons the atom
has
 An atom with 19 protons has to be potassium (K)
Chemical Names
 Why is Co different from CO?
 Co is Cobalt
 CO is carbon monoxide
 Be sure to use upper and lower case properly
Isotopes
 Atoms of the same element that have different
numbers of neutrons are called isotopes
 Hydrogen can have 0, 1, or 2 neutrons in it’s
nucleus
Misc. Facts
 Hydrogen is the most abundant element. It makes
up almost 90% of all atoms. As well it was the 1 st
element to exist
 Fused hydrogen atoms formed inside stars and this
created the other elements
 Most atoms formed when the universe began and
are constantly being recycled
 Atoms that make up ‘you’ are billions of years old
Names w/ 1 letter that begins Names w/ 2 letters and both Names w/ 2 letters and 1st Symbol has nothing to do
name letters are start of name letter starts and second is with name
heard later in name

Carbon Neon Magnesium Sodium


Chapter Review (class work)
 Try to complete #5, 6, and 7.
Protons have a positive charge
A. True
B. False
C-12 is a radioactive isotope used in
carbon dating fossils
A. True
B. False
The charge of a neutron is
A. negative
B. No charge
The number of electrons that can fit in
the 1st shell is
A. 8
B. 2
C. 18
The electron has more mass than the
proton and neutron
A. Yes
B. No
The atomic number of carbon is
A. 12.01115
B. 12
C. 6
D. C
The element symbol of helium is
A. H
B. 2
C. He
D. Helium
The mass number of C-14 is 14
A. True
B. False
Play-doh Lab
 Partner up
 Create a 3 dimensional model of an atom using play-doh
and beads. It must be the shell model
 Your atom must have an atomic number between 6 and 12.
 On a separate sheet draw your atom and label the
following: Protons, neutrons, electrons, nucleus, electron
cloud, any and all shells
 Write down the name, atomic number, atomic mass, and
symbol

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