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Chapter 4 Worker-Machine Relationship

1) The document discusses different types of worker-machine relationships including synchronous servicing and random (asynchronous) servicing. 2) With synchronous servicing, the worker loads/unloads multiple machines at regular intervals while the machines run through a fixed cycle time. An equation is provided to calculate the optimal number of machines a worker can service. 3) Random servicing involves machines with random downtimes that can be estimated using probability theory and binomial expansion to calculate idle time percentages.

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Regina Jazzmin Quesada
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926 views9 pages

Chapter 4 Worker-Machine Relationship

1) The document discusses different types of worker-machine relationships including synchronous servicing and random (asynchronous) servicing. 2) With synchronous servicing, the worker loads/unloads multiple machines at regular intervals while the machines run through a fixed cycle time. An equation is provided to calculate the optimal number of machines a worker can service. 3) Random servicing involves machines with random downtimes that can be estimated using probability theory and binomial expansion to calculate idle time percentages.

Uploaded by

Regina Jazzmin Quesada
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 4

Worker-Machine Relationship
IE324 Methods Engineering
Worker-Machine System
Machine

Worker

Starting Process Completed


Work Unit Work Unit
Multi-Activity Chart
• Chart on which activities of workers, product and machines are
recorded on a common time scale to show their relationship.
• Worker-Machine Process Chart (Man-Machine Chart) – seeking most effective
relationship between operators and machine
• Gang Chart (Multi-Man Chart) – multiple activity chart applied to a group of
workers, seeking most effective relationship between several worker
Types of Worker-Machine Relationship
• Synchronous Servicing
• Random (Asynchronous) Servicing
• Combination both
Synchronous Servicing
• Case with a fixed machine cycle time in which the worker
loads/unloads the machine (both worker and machine are utilized
simultaneously) at regular intervals. Ideally, several machines can be
serviced (machine coupling). In an “ideal case”:

𝒍+𝒎
𝑵=
𝒍
Where: N = number of machines can be serviced by one operator
l = loading/ unloading time per machine
m = machine cycle time (automatic run time)
Synchronous Servicing
Operator Machine #1 Machine #2 Machine #3
Load #1 Load #1
Load #2 Load #2
Load #3 Load #3

• In real life, the operator will be able to service fewer machines


because of w = worker (walk) time
𝒍+𝒎
𝑵≤
𝒍+𝒘
• Also N is typically non-integer, then a decision (typically an economic
one, lowest unit cost) must be made regarding who (worker or
machine) will be idle.
Synchronous Servicing
(𝑙 + 𝑚)(𝐾1 + 𝑁1 𝐾2 )
𝑇𝐸𝐶𝑛1 =
𝑁1

𝑇𝐸𝐶𝑛2 = 𝑙 + 𝑤 𝐾1 + 𝑁2 𝐾2

Where: 𝑁1 = 𝐿𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑁 𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛


𝑁2 = 𝐿𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑁(𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑 𝑢𝑝)
𝐾1 = 𝑂𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒
𝐾2 = 𝑀𝑎𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡
Example
• Consider a walk time of 0.1 minute with l = 1.0 minute and m =2.0
minutes. Also the operators earns $10.00/hr and the machine cost
$20.00/hr to run. Determine the optimal number of machines to be
assigned to the operator.
Random (Asynchronous) Servicing
• Machine servicing time is not on regular cycle and could be
completely random; use probability theory (binomial expansion) to
estimate % idle time
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑟 𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑛 𝑚𝑎𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛 =
𝑛!
𝑝𝑟 𝑞𝑛−𝑟
𝑟! (𝑛 − 𝑟!)
Where: p = probability of down time
q = probability of up time = 1 - p

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