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Code History

This document summarizes the history and development of reinforced concrete codes in the United States and Indonesia from 1900 to the present. It shows that codes have evolved from a Working Stress Design philosophy to an Ultimate Strength Design and now a Unified Design Method. In the U.S., the American Concrete Institute codes introduced USD in the 1950s and moved to a UDM approach in 2002, while incorporating the strut-and-tie model. Indonesian codes were initially WSD-based but shifted to USD in the 1990s and are now based on ACI codes, reflecting this progression of design philosophies over the 20th century.

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Iqbal Ryamizard
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24 views7 pages

Code History

This document summarizes the history and development of reinforced concrete codes in the United States and Indonesia from 1900 to the present. It shows that codes have evolved from a Working Stress Design philosophy to an Ultimate Strength Design and now a Unified Design Method. In the U.S., the American Concrete Institute codes introduced USD in the 1950s and moved to a UDM approach in 2002, while incorporating the strut-and-tie model. Indonesian codes were initially WSD-based but shifted to USD in the 1990s and are now based on ACI codes, reflecting this progression of design philosophies over the 20th century.

Uploaded by

Iqbal Ryamizard
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© © All Rights Reserved
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You are on page 1/ 7

REINFORCED CONCRETE

STRUCTURE I

“Reinforced Concrete Code History”


Revised : 06-February-2019

Prepared By : LB3-ITS

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT


FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND PLANNING
INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER
SURABAYA
1
Codes Development of RC
Philosophy design of RC were developed through out the 20th century, some
records of the development is shown below :
1. Working Stress Design (WSD) (1900-1999)
2. Ultimate Strength Design (USD) (1956-Now)
3. Unified Design Method (UDM) (2002-Now)
4. Strut and Tie Model (STM) For Shear (2002-Now)

2
Philosophy Design of RC
The development of codes in United States and in Indonesia will be shown in the
table below :

Years American Concrete Institute Indonesian Code’s


(ACI) (PB & SNI)
ACI 318-56
PB 55
1956 (WSD Based , USD was
(WSD Based – Deterministic)
introduced)
ACI 318-63
(WSD & USD Based)
1963 Design of Bond, Shear, Diagonal PB 55
Tension, Combine Axial And
Flexure was based on USD
ACI 318-71
PBI 71
1971 (USD Based, WSD was moved into
(WSD Based)
Alternate Design Method (ADM)).

3
Philosophy Design of RC
The development of codes in United States and in Indonesia will be shown in the
table below :

Years American Concrete Institute Indonesian Code’s


(ACI) (PB & SNI)
ACI 318-77
1977 (USD Based, WSD was moved into PBI 71
Appendix A)
1989 ACI 318-89 PB’ 89
SKSNI T15-1991
(USD Based, WSD moved in to
1991 ACI 318-92
ADM)
Based On ACI 318-83
ACI 318-95
(USD Based, WSD was moved into
1995 SKSNI T15-1991
Appendix A, UDM was introduced
in Appendix B)
4
Philosophy Design of RC
The development of codes in United States and in Indonesia will be shown in the
table below :

Years American Concrete Institute Indonesian Code’s


(ACI) (PB & SNI)
1999 ACI 318-99 SKSNI T15-1991
ACI 318-02
(UDM Based, USD was moved SNI 2847-2002
2002 into Appendix C, WSD was (USD Based, WSD moved into ADM)
deleted, STM introduced in Based On ACI 318-99
Appendix A)
2005 ACI 318-05 SNI 2847-2002
ACI 318-08
(UDM Based, USD was in
2008 SNI 2847-2002
Appendix C, STM was in
Appendix A)

5
Philosophy Design of RC
The development of codes in United States and in Indonesia will be shown in the
table below :

Years American Concrete Institute Indonesian Code’s


(ACI) (PB & SNI)
ACI 318-11
(UDM Based, USD was in
2011 SNI 2847-2002
Appendix C, STM was in
Appendix A)
ACI 318-14
(UDM Based, USD was in SNI 2847-2013
2014
Appendix C, STM was in (Based on ACI 318-11)
Appendix A)
ACI 318-19
(UDM Based, USD was in
2019 SNI 2847-2013
Appendix C, STM was in
Appendix A)

6
Thank You

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